Respons fisiologis dan agronomis bibit kopi pada kerapatan naungan yang berbeda

Abstract

Abstrak

Tanaman kopi seringkali dibudidayakan di areal hutan, dimana terdapat tanaman tahunan seperti pepohonan yang terus tumbuh sehingga menurunkan intensitas cahaya yang jatuh ke tanaman kopi. Hal ini menjadi masalah bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman kopi yang dinaungi pohon tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji fisiologis dan agronomis dua kultivar kopi dalam intensitas naungan yang berbeda untuk mendapatkan informasi kultivar kopi yang terbaik. Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret hingga Juni 2020 di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split plot) dengan dua faktor dan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Taraf dari main plot adalah tanpa naungan, naungan paranet 50%, 60%, 70%, dan 80%, sedangkan taraf dari sub plot adalah kultivar Lini S 795 dan Sigararutang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara naungan dan kultivar. Penggunaan naungan 70% memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap tinggi bibit kopi dan suhu daun, serta kultivar Lini S 975 memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap tinggi bibit kopi, luas daun, indeks klorofil, klorofil fluoresens dan suhu daun.

Kata Kunci: Kopi, Lini S 795, Klorofil fluorescence, Sigararutang

Abstract

Cultivation of coffee tree in forest areas, where the wooden trees grew previously, it will be causing in decreasing of light intensity that is falling into the ground as long as trees canopy development leading to shade of coffee trees, this is affecting coffee tree growth and development. The objective of this study was to evaluate physiologically and agronomically of two coffee seedling cultivars under net shading densities. The experiment was conducted at Ciparanje Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, from March to June 2020. Experimental design used in this research was split plot with two factors and three replications. The main plot was the shading densities which consisted of five levels, namely without shade 0%, net shade 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%. The subplot was the coffee cultivars, consisted of two levels, namely Lini S 795 cultivar and Sigararutang. All parameters was not indicated any interaction. The results showed that the  70% shade gave the best effect on plant height and leaf temperature. Lini S 795 cultivar gave the best effect on plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll index, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf temperature.

Keywords: Coffee, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Lini S 795, Net shading, Sigararutang