Pengujian karakter hasil dan komponen hasil klon ubi jalar berdaging putih berdasarkan analisis multivariat

Arif Affan Wicaksono; Debby Ustari; Saskia Pratiwi; Syariful Mubarok; Agung Karuniawan

doi:10.24198/kultivasi.v21i1.37825

Pengujian karakter hasil dan komponen hasil klon ubi jalar berdaging putih berdasarkan analisis multivariat

Arif Affan Wicaksono, Debby Ustari, Saskia Pratiwi, Syariful Mubarok, Agung Karuniawan

Abstract

Abstrak

Ubi jalar memiliki keragaman genetik yang luas sehingga potensi genetiknya dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Ubi jalar berdaging putih memiliki kandungan pati paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan warna yang lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi karakter hasil dan komponen hasil klon ubi jalar berdaging putih. Percobaan dilakukan di tiga lokasi sentra produksi ubi jalar yakni Kabupaten Sumedang, Kabupaten Garut, dan Kabupaten Majalengka, Jawa Barat mulai bulan Desember 2019 hingga Desember 2020. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menguji 11 klon ubi jalar berdaging putih, yang terdiri atas 8 klon hasil persilangan dan 3 varietas cek menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Karakter yang diamati terdiri atas karakter hasil dan komponen hasil. Kekerabatan klon ubi jalar berdaging putih dinilai berdasarkan keragaman genetik masing-masing karakter menggunakan analisis multivariat yang meliputi analisis klaster dan Principle Component Analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi karakter hasil dan komponen klon ubi jalar berdaging putih pada tiga lokasi tanam. Jarak genetik berdasarkan analisis klaster di tiga lokasi tanam secara berurutan adalah 2,20 – 5,95 Euclidean; 2,74 – 5,13 Euclidean; dan 2,26 – 5,61 Euclidean. Berdasarkan hasil analisis multivariate, klon ubi jalar berdaging putih pada ketiga lokasi memiliki variasi yang tinggi. Hasil tersebut berguna untuk menyeleksi klon ubi jalar berdaging putih dalam program perakitan varietas tanaman.

Kata Kunci: Hasil ∙ Klaster ∙ Komponen hasil ∙ Multivariat ∙ Ubi jalar berdaging putih

Abstract

Sweet potato has a wide genetic diversity so that its genetic potential can be developed further. White flesh sweet potato has the highest starch content compared to others. This study aimed to estimate the variation of yield and yield component traits of white fleshed sweet potato clones. The experiment was conducted at three regencies of sweet potato production center, i.e., Sumedang, Garut, and Majalengka, West Java, from December 2019 to December 2020. The experiment was carried out by testing 11 white-fleshed sweet potato clones consisting of 8 crossed clones and 3 check varieties by using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Yield and yield component traits were observed. Estimation of relativity of white-fleshed sweet potato was evaluated based on the genetic diversity of each trait by using multivariate analysis included cluster and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that there were differences in genetic variability based on yield and yield component traits in three production centers. Genetic distance based on cluster analysis in three locations were 2.20-5.95 Euclidean; 2.74-5.13 Euclidean; and 2.26-5.61 Euclidean, respectively.Based on the results of multivariate analysis, white-fleshed sweet potato clones at the three locations had a high variation. These results are useful for selecting desired white-fleshed sweet potato clones in the plant breeding program.

Keywords: Yield ∙ Cluster ∙ Yield component ∙ Multivariate ∙ White-fleshed sweet potato

Keywords

hasil; klaster; komponen hasil; multivariat; ubi jalar berdaging putih

Full Text:

PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)

References

Afuape, S.O., P.I. Okocha, and D. Njoku. 2011. Multivariate assessment of the agromorphological variability and yield components among sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) landraces. African Journal of Plant Science, 5(2): 123–132. http://www.academicjournals.org/ajps

Ali, N., I. Hussain, S. Ali, N.U. Khan, and I. Hussain. 2021. Multivariate analysis for various quantitative traits in wheat advanced lines. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(1): 347–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.011

Andrade, M., A. Naico, J. Ricardo, R. Eyzaguirre, G. Makunde, R. Ortiz, and W. Grüneberg. 2016. Genotype x environment interaction and selection for drought adaptation in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) in Mozambique. Euphytica, 209(1): 261-280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-016-1684-4

Anindita, P.A., T.K. Putri, D. Ustari, H. Maulana, M. Rachmadi, V. Concibido, T. Suganda, and A. Karuniawan. 2020. Dataset of agromorphological traits in early population of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) local accessions from Indonesia. Data in Brief, 33: 106552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106552

Barmawi, M., A. Yushardi, dan N. Sa’diyah. 2013. Daya Waris dan Harapan Kemajuan Seleksi Karakter Agronomi Kedelai Generasi F2 Hasil Persilangan Antara Yellow Bean dan Taichung. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 1(1): 20-24.

Ebem, E.C., S.O. Afuape, S.C. Chukwu, and E.B. Ubi. 2021. Genotype × Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Root Yield in Sweet Potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam]. Frontiers in Agronomy, 3: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2021.665564

Ginting, E., Y. Widodo, S.A. Rahayuningsih, and M. Jusuf. 2005. Karakteristik Pati Beberapa Varietas Ubi Jalar. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 24(1): 8–18.

Gomez, K. dan A. Gomez. 2016. Prosedur Statistik untuk Penelitian Pertanian. Terjemahan UI. UI Press. Jakarta.

Govindaraj, M., M. Vetriventhan, and M. Srinivasan. 2015. Importance of Genetic Diversity Assessment in Crop Plants and Its Recent Advances: An Overview of Its Analytical Perspectives. Genetics Research International, 2015: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/431487

Grüneberg, W.J., D. Ma, R.O.M. Mwanga, E.E. Carey, K. Huamani, F. Diaz, R. Eyzaguirre, E. Guaf, M. Jusuf, A. Karuniawan, K. Tjintokohadi, Y.S. Song, S.R. Anil, M. Hossain, E. Rahaman, S.I. Attaluri, K. Somé, S.O. Afuape, K. Adofo, … M. Chiona. (et al). 2015. Advances in sweetpotato breeding from 1992 to 2012. In Potato and sweetpotato in Africa: transforming the value chains for food and nutrition security (Issue April 2016: 3–68). CABI. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780644202.0003

Guo, K., T. Liu, A. Xu, L. Zhang, X. Bian, and C. Wei. 2019. Structural and functional properties of starches from root tubers of white, yellow, and purple sweet potatoes. Food Hydrocolloids, 89: 829–836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.11.058

Gurmu, F., S. Hussein, and M. Laing. 2013. Self- and cross-incompatibilities in sweetpotato and their implications on breeding. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(13): 2074–2078.

Humas Jabar. 2020. Gubernur Jabar Lepas Ekspor 30 Ton Ubi Jalar Bandung ke Hong Kong. Humas Jabar, Setda Provinsi Jabar.

Jain, S.K. and P.R. Patel. 2016. Principal component and cluster analysis in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Forage Research, 42(2): 90–95. http://forageresearch.in

Jolliffe, I.T. 2002. Principal Component Analysis (P. Bickel, P. Diggle, S. Fienberg, K. Krickeberg, I. Olkin, N. Wermuth, & S. Zeger, Eds.; Second Edition). Springer-Verlag.

Karuniawan, A., H.N. Wicaksono, D. Ustari, T. Setiawati, dan T. Supriatun. 2017. Identifikasi keragaman genetik plasma nutfah ubi kayu liar (Manihot glaziovii Muell) berdasarkan karakter morfo-agronomi. Kultivasi, 16(3): 435–443.

Koij, F.S. and J. Saba. 2015. Using Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis to Group Lines and Determine Important Traits in White Bean. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 29: 38–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.145

Mukhopadhyay, S.K., A. Chattopadhyay, I. Chakraborty, and I. Bhattacharya. 2011. Crops that feed the world 5. Sweetpotato. Sweetpotatoes for income and food security. Food Security, 3(3): 283–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-011-0134-3

Mustamu, Y.A., K. Tjintokohadi, W.J. Grüneberg, A. Karuniawan, and D. Ruswandi. 2018. Selection of superior genotype of sweet-potato in Indonesia based on stability and adaptability. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 78(4): 461–469. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392018000400461

Ngailo, S., H. Shimelis, J. Sibiya, B. Amelework, and K. Mtunda. 2016. Genetic diversity assessment of Tanzanian sweetpotato genotypes using simple sequence repeat markers. South African Journal of Botany, 102: 40-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.08.001

Ojeda, G.A., S.C. Sgroppo, and N.E. Zaritsky. 2017. Application of multivariate statistical analysis to assess browning susceptibility in sweet potatoes cultivars, based on chemical and enzymatic determinations. International Food Research Journal, 24(4): 1703-1712.

Prayudha, H.N., A.M. Noerrizki, H. Maulana, D. Ustari, N. Rostini, dan A. Karuniawan. 2019. Keragaman Genetik Klon Ubi Jalar Ungu Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi dan Agronomi. Buletin Palawija, 17(2): 94–101.

Rusliati, E., Mulyaningrum, A. Wibowo, and B.S. Narmaditya. 2020. Does Entrepreneurial Leadership Matter for Micro-Enterprise Development?: Lesson from West Java in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(8): 445–450. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no8.445

Setiawati, T., Karyono, T. Supriatun, dan A. Karuniawan. 2013. Analisis keragaman genetik kerabat liar ubi jalar asal Citatah sebagai sumber gen untuk merakit ubi jalar unggul berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Biodjati, 3(1): 14–20.

Solihin, M.A., S.R.P. Sitorus, A. Sutandi, dan Widiatmaka. 2017. Karakteristik Lahan dan Kualitas Kemanisan Ubi Jalar Cilembu. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management), 7(3): 251–259. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.7.3.251-259

Syafii, M., I. Cartika, and D. Ruswandi. 2015. Multivariate analysis of genetic diversity among some maize genotypes under Maize-Albizia cropping system in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Crop Science, 7(4): 244–255. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2015.244.255

Wadl, P.A., B.A. Olukolu, S.E. Branham, R.L. Jarret, G.C. Yencho, and D.M. Jackson. 2018. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the USDA Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) Germplasm Collections Using GBSpoly. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9(1166): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01166

Waluyo, B., A.A. Roosda, N. Istifadah, D. Ruswandi, and A. Karuniawan. 2015. Identification of Fifty Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Promising Clones for Bioethanol Raw Materials. Energy Procedia, 65: 22–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.01.024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v21i1.37825