Application of organic fertilizer and phosphate solubilizing bacteria to increase the growth and yield of potatoes in Andisol

Agustina Erlinda Marpaung; Bina Karo; Susilawati Barus; Rina Christina Hutabarat; Rasiska Tarigan

doi:10.24198/kultivasi.v21i3.41485

Application of organic fertilizer and phosphate solubilizing bacteria to increase the growth and yield of potatoes in Andisol

Agustina Erlinda Marpaung, Bina Karo, Susilawati Barus, Rina Christina Hutabarat, Rasiska Tarigan

Abstract

Abstract

Andisol has low phosphate (P) nutrient content due to high P fixation by allophane minerals, which affects crop production. The application of organic fertilizers and phosphate solubilizing bacteria can increase the availability of P in the soil in order to increase the production of potato plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different types of organic fertilizer and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on potato production. The research was conducted from August to November 2020 in the installation of research and assessment of agricultural technology Berastagi, Karo Regency, with an altitude of ± 1,340 m above sea level and the soil order is Andisol. The experimental design used a factorial randomized completely block design with four replications. The first factor was a different type of organic fertilizer (liquid organic fertilizer and chicken manure) and the second factor was a different type of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) {without PSB (control), Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pseudomycoides, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens}. Results showed that chicken manure was able to increase the growth and yield of potatoes per plot. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria B. pseudomycoides could increase potato yields. The interaction of chicken manure and B. pseudomycoides was able to increase potato yield by 33.79% - 56.24% and the percentage of big tubers to 32.60% - 70.23% and decrease the grade of small tubers to 43.61% - 72.32% compared to without PSB. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria Bacillus pseudomycoides and chicken manure fertilization had the potential to be applied for increasing potato production in Andisol.

Keywords: Bacillus sp, organic fertilizer, Solanum tuberosum

Abstrak

Andisol memiliki kandungan hara P yang rendah karena fiksasi P yang tinggi oleh mineral alofan, yang mempengaruhi produksi tanaman. Aplikasi pupuk organik dan bakteri pelarut fosfat dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan P dalam tanah untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman kentang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis pupuk organik dan bakteri pelarut fosfat (BPF) terbaik untuk meningkatkan produksi kentang pada andisol. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan November 2020 di Instalasi Penelitian dan Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Berastagi Kabupaten Karo dengan ketinggian tempat ± 1.340 m dpl dan ordo tanah Andisol. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diteliti adalah pertama jenis pupuk organik (pupuk organik cair dan kotoran ayam) dan faktor kedua jenis bakteri pelarut fosfat (PSB) {tanpa BPF (kontrol), Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pseudomycoides, dan Bacillus amyloliquefaciens}. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis pupuk organik kandang ayam mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kentang. Bakteri pelarut fosfat B. pseudomycoides dapat meningkatkan hasil kentang per plot. Interaksi pupuk organik kotoran ayam dan bakteri pelarut fosfat B. pseudomycoides mampu meningkatkan hasil kentang sebesar 33,81% - 56,26% dan persentase umbi besar 32,60% - 70,23% dan menurunkan persentase umbi kecil 43,61% - 72,32% dari tanpa BPF.

Kata kunci: Bacillus sp, pupuk organik, Solanum tuberosum

Keywords

Bacillus sp; organic fertilizer; Solanum tuberosum

Full Text:

PDF

References

Amara, D. G. and S. M. Mourad. 2013. Influence of organic manure on the vegetative growth and tuber production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L varspunta) in a Sahara Desert region. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5(22): 2724-2731. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Djilani-Ghemam-2/publication/256750969

Anastasia, I., M. Izatti, and S.W.A. Suedy. 2014. Pengaruh Pemberian Kombinasi Pupuk Organik Padat dan Organik Cair Terhadap Porositas Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Bayam (Amarantus tricolor L.). Jurnal Biologi, 3(2): 1-10. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/biologi/article/download/19439/18438

Aziz, Z.F.A., H.M. Saud, K.A. Rahim, and O.H. Ahmed. 2012. Variable responses on early development of shallot (Allium ascalonicum) and mustard (Brassica juncea) plants to Bacillus cereus inoculation. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 8(1): 47-50. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/31c8/0293c8499df8cd1d493370d865de3d0a1a69.pdf

Bahua, M.I. and H. Gubali. 2020. Direct seed planting system and giving liquid organic fertilizer as a new method to increase rice yield and growth (Oryza sativa L.). AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science, 42(1): 68–77.

http://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v42i1.2324

BPS. 2022a. Statistik Indonesia 2022. Badan Pusat Statistik.

BPS. 2022b. Kabupaten Karo dalam Angka. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Karo.

Borriss, R. 2015. Bacillus, a Plant Beneficial Bacterium. In Lugtenberg, B (Ed). Principles of Plant-Microbe Interactions. Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture. Springer Publishing, Switzerland: 379- 391. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08574-6

Budianto, A., N. Sahir, and I. S. Madauna. 2015. Pengaruh pemberian berbagai dosis pupuk kandang ayam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum l.) varietas lembah palu. e-J. Agrotekbis, 3(4): 440- 447.

Ekawati, R. and L.H. Saputri, 2018. Pengaruh Cara Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Vinasse terhadap Pertumbuhan Awal Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia). Kultivasi, 17: 760–765. https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v17i3.18954

El-Sayed, S. F., H. A. Hassan, and M.M. El-Mogy. 2015. Impact of bio-and organic fertilizers on potato yield, quality and tuber weight loss after harvest. Potato Research, 58(1): 67-81. DOI 10.1007/s11540-014-9272-2. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11540-014-9272-2

Hartatik, W., L. Husnain, and Widowati. 2015. Peranan pupuk organik dalam peningkatan produktivitas tanah dan tanaman. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan, 9(2): 107–120. http://ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/jsl/article/view/6600/5859

Hassan, T.U. and A. Bano. 2015. Role of carrier based biofertilizer in reclamation of saline soil. Archives Agron. Soil. Sci., 61(12): 1719-1731. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03650340.2015.1036045

Jiangzhou, Z., S. Bei., B. Li, Z. Junling, P. Christie, and X. Li. 2019. Organic fertilizer, but not heavy liming, enhances banana biomass, increases soil organic carbon and modifies soil microbiota. Appl. Soil Ecol. 136: 67–79

Marpaung, A.E., B.K. Udiarto, L. Lukman, and Hardiyanto. 2018. Potensi Pemanfaatan Formulasi Pupuk Organik Sumber Daya Lokal untuk Budidaya Kubis. J. Hort., 28(2): 191-200. https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v28n2.2018.p191-200

Marpaung, A.E. and D.N. Susilowati. 2021. Isolation and Identification of Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria from Potato Rhizosphere on Andisol. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 810(1),012041. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/810/1/012041

Marpaung, A.E., H. Hanum, and M. Sembiring. 2021. “The effect of liquid organic fertilizer and phosphate solubilising bacteria Bacillus sp on potato growth (Solanum tuberosum) in andisol soil. In IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 807 (2021) 042079. IOP Publishing.

Meliala, T.A.W. 2018. Pengaruh Cara Aplikasi Pupuk Cair Ganggang Coklat dan pupuk Anorganik terhadap Ketersediaan N, P, K Tanah Inceptisol dan Pertumbuhan Bawang Dayak. Skripsi Program Studi Agrotteknologi. Fakultas Pertanian USU.

Othaman, M.A., S.A. Sharifudin, A. Mansor, A.A. Kahar, and K. Long. 2014. Coconut Water Vinegar: New Alternative with Improved Processing Technique. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 9(3): 293–302. http://jestec.taylors.edu.my/Vol%209%20Issue%203%20June%2014/Volume%20(9)%20Issue%20(3)%20293-302.pdf

Satyaprakash, M., T. Nikitha, E.U.B. Reddi, B. Sadhana, and S.S. Vani. 2017. Phosphorous and Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria and their Role in Plant Nutrition. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci., 6(4): 2133-2144. https://www.ijcmas.com/6-4-2017/M.%20Satyaprakash,%20et%20al.pdf

Sembiring, M., D. Elfiati, E.S. Sutarta, and T. Sabrina. 2016. Effect of Burkholderia cepacia and SP36 on available phosphate and potato production on Andisol impacted by Mount Sinabung Eruption, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 18(3): 233-235. https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2016.v18i03.41.

Setiawati, M.R. and T. Pranoto. 2015. Perbandingan Beberapa Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat Eksogen pada Tanah Andisol sebagai areal Pertanaman Teh Dominan di Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Teh dan Kina, 8(2): 158-164. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307575626

Ulfiyati, N. and E. Zulaika. 2015. Isolat Bacillus Pelarut Fosfat dari Kalimas Surabaya. Jurnal Sains Dan Seni ITS, 4(2): 2337–3520. http://ejurnal.its.ac.id/index.php/sains_seni/article/viewFile/14049/2372

Utomo, M., T. Sabrina, Sudarsono, J. Lumbanraja, B. Rusman, and Wawan. 2016. Ilmu Tanah: Dasar-dasar dan Pengelolaan. Kencana, Prenada Media Group, Jakarta, 433 pp.

Vinci, G., V. Cozzolino, P. Mazzei, H. Monda, D. Savy, M. Drosos, and A. Piccolo. 2018. Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and different phosphorus sources on Maize plants as revealed by NMR and GC-MS based metabolomics. Plant and Soil, 429: 437–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-3701-y

Yusdian, Y., Karya, and R. Vaisal. 2018. Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Kandang Ayam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varietas Granola. Paspalum: jurnal ilmiah pertanian. 6(2): 98-102.

Zhu, J., M. Li, and M. Whelan. 2018. Phosphorus activators contribute to legacyphosphorus availability in agricultural soils: a review. Sci Total Environ., 612: 522–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.095.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v21i3.41485