Mekanisme self-incomatibility tipe gametofitik dan sporofitik dan aplikasinya dalam pemuliaan tanaman

Abstract

Self-Incomatibility (SI) is one of phenomena important on the fertile flower, but the inhibition occurs in the fertilization process, so SI caused outcrossing. The aim of this study is reveal the mechanism of self-incomatibility gametophytic and sporophytic and its application in plant breeding. The type of self-incompatibility is divided into heteromorphic and homomorphic. Type of SI heteromorphic cause a different flower structures, whereas SI homomorphic cause interaction with a single S-locus multialelic between pollen and pistil during the process of pollination and fertilization. SI heteromorphic is divided into gametophytic and sporophytic. SI gametophytic is controlled by the haploid S-alleles in the pollen. The pollen tube inhibited and degraded by the activity of RNase enzymes, while SI sporophytic is controlled by the genotype Salleles in sporophytic tissue. The mechanism of SI sporophytic, growth of pollen tube was been inhibited by coordination SLG (S-Locus Glycoprotein) and SRK (S-Locus Receptor Kinase) on the stylus to reject or accept the SCR (S-Locus Cystein Rich Protein) on pollen. The outbreak of the SI gametophytic can be done in several ways, such as bud Pollination, stylar irradiation, mentor effect, high temperature, biological inhibitors, and fertilization in vitro. SI sporophytic can be applied in plant breeding, namely assembly of hybrid cultivars, such as cabbage plants.