Pineapple Prebiotics for Osteoblast Viability and Periodontitis Antibacterial Therapy

Dwi Wahyu Indrawati; Lely Ika Mariyati; Ria Andriani Mukti; Mochammad Alfahrizhy Zakyzein

doi:10.24198/mkk.v8i2.65302

Pineapple Prebiotics for Osteoblast Viability and Periodontitis Antibacterial Therapy

Dwi Wahyu Indrawati, Lely Ika Mariyati, Ria Andriani Mukti, Mochammad Alfahrizhy Zakyzein

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that progressively damages periodontal supporting tissues as a result of colonization by pathogenic bacteria, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis. This condition is characterized by gingival inflammation, loss of periodontal ligament, and resorption of alveolar bone. Conventional therapy through scaling, root planing, and systemic antibiotics is frequently limited by bacterial resistance, relapse, and potential adverse effects. Therefore, alternative natural agents that are safe and able to support bone regeneration are highly required. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity as well as the biological effect of pineapple (Ananas comosus) prebiotic extract on osteoblast viability. An in vitro experimental design was applied using disc diffusion assays to measure inhibition zones against P. gingivalis and MTT assays to evaluate osteoblast viability. Fermented extracts at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% were tested, with metronidazole as a positive control. Results showed concentration-dependent increases in inhibition zones, namely 7.9 mm (10%), 10.42 mm (20%), and 13.22 mm (30%). MTT assays demonstrated enhanced osteoblast viability at 10% (0.534) and 20% (0.600), whereas viability decreased at 30% (0.551), suggesting possible cytotoxicity at higher doses. ANOVA indicated significant differences among groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, pineapple prebiotic extract exhibits dual therapeutic potential: antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis and stimulation of osteoblast viability, supporting its development as a promising adjuvant therapy for periodontitis with infection control and alveolar bone regeneration benefits.

Keywords: Antibacterial, bromelain, pineapple, osteoblast, periodontitis.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Aditama, A. P., Muslikh, F. A., Shirvi, I. N., Islamiyah, F. R., Putra, K. H. P., Inayatilah, F. R., & Rahayu, A. (2021). Efek induksi proliferasi sel osteoblas tulang trabekular mencit jantan oleh ekstrak etanol 96% daun semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.). Jurnal Sains Dan Kesehatan, 3(4), 429–435. https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v3i4.63.

Alves, E. H. P., Carvalho, A. d. S., Silva, F. R. P., França, L. F. C., Lenardo, D. D., Vasconcelos, A. C. C. G., & Vasconcelos, D. F. P. (2020). Bromelain reduces the non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and periodontal damages caused by ligature‐induced periodontitis. Oral Diseases, 26(8), 1793–1802. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13476.

Ananda, R. T. R., & Ervina, I. (2023). Peranan kitosan dalam terapi periodontal. Cakradonya Dental Journal, 14(1), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.24815/cdj.v14i1.2729.

Ariga, P., Manimaran, P., & Dhull, R. (2023). Prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases among schoolchildren in rural areas of Punjab, India. Journal of International Oral Health, 15(1), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_94_22.

Bansal, S., Kumar, V., & Verma, A. (2022). Chlorhexidine gluconate and its applications in dentistry: A review. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 12(4), 445–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.08.007.

Fajrina, A., Bakhtra, D. D. A., Eriadi, A., Putri, W. C., & Wahyuni, S. (2021). Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol rambut jagung (Zea mays L.) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan Porphyromonas gingivalis. Jurnal Farmasi Higea, 13(2), 155. https://doi.org/10.52689/higea.v13i2.391.

Feng, M., Xie, M., Huang, X., Long, Y., Lu, X., Wang, X., & Chen, L. (2020). Porphyromonas gingivalis and its systemic impact: Current status. Pathogens, 9(11), 944. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110944.

Gorucu-Coskuner, H., Atik, E., & Taner, T. (2021). The effectiveness of Hawley and vacuum-formed retainer usage protocols on the stability of fixed orthodontic treatment results. Australasian Orthodontic Journal, 37(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.13053/AOJ.37.1.11.

Guo, W., Dong, H., & Wang, X. (2024). Emerging roles of hydrogel in promoting periodontal tissue regeneration and repairing bone defect. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1380528.

Han, J. H., Park, J. W., Han, K. D., Park, J., Kim, M., & Lee, J. H. (2021). Smoking and periodontitis can play a synergistic role in the development of psoriasis: A nationwide cohort study. Dermatology, 238(3), 554–561. https://doi.org/10.1159/000518296.

Hong, J., Kim, M., Lee, B., Oh, W., Min, K., Im, Y., & Hwang, Y. (2021). Anti-inflammatory and mineralization effects of bromelain on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation of human dental pulp cells. Medicina, 57(6), 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060591.

Insuan, O., Janchai, P., Thongchuai, B., Chaiwongsa, R., Khamchun, S., Saoin, S., & Vaithanomsat, P. (2021). Anti-inflammatory effect of pineapple rhizome bromelain through downregulation of the NF-κB and MAPKs-signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 43(1), 93–106. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb43010008.

Invernici, M. d. M., Salvador, S. L. d. S., Silva, P. H. F., Soares, M., Casarin, R. C. V., Palioto, D. B., & Messora, M. R. (2018). Effects of Bifidobacterium probiotic on the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 45(10), 1198–1210. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12995.

Jung, Y., Kim, Y., & Kim, K. (2024). Association between multimorbidity and periodontal disease in Korean adults: A nationwide cross‐sectional cohort study. International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 22(2), 376–383. https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12785.

Kumar, S., Sharma, D., Bansal, K., & Kumar, R. (2022). Effectiveness of chlorhexidine mouth rinse in patients with chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 20(1), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12561.

Octaviani, M., Fikrani, D., & Susanti, E. (2020). Aktivitas antijamur ekstrak etanol kulit buah Ananas comosus (L.) Merr terhadap Trichophyton mentagrophytes dan Malassezia furfur. JFIOnline, 12(2), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.35617/jfionline.v12i2.35.

Park, J., Kim, S. H., Kim, S., & Kim, S. J. (2022). Recovery from chronic periodontal disease is associated with lower risk for incident diabetes. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 49(9), 862–871. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13687.

Patel, D. K., Paswan, A. K., & Lal, S. P. (2024). An inter-district variation analysis of farmers' adaptations towards climate change in Kosi region of Bihar using post-hoc Tukey's HSD tests. International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development, 7(5), 206–210. https://doi.org/10.33545/26180723.2024.v7.i5c.622.

Priyadarshini, S., Basappa, N., & Nandhini, C. (2021). Prevalence of periodontal diseases among adults of age 35–44 years in urban Bangalore: A cross-sectional study. Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry, 11(5), 580–586. https://doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_18_21.

Rochyani, N., Utpalasari, R. L., & Dahliana, I. (2020). Analisis hasil konversi eco enzyme menggunakan nenas (Ananas comosus) dan pepaya (Carica papaya L.). Jurnal Redoks, 5(2), 135. https://doi.org/10.31851/redoks.v5i2.5060.

Rosier, B. T., Buetas, E., Moya-Gonzálvez, E. M., Artacho, A., & Mira, Á. (2020). Nitrate as a potential prebiotic for the oral microbiome. Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69931-x.

Sawhney, C., Dhingra, K., Kaur, N., & Gupta, S. (2020). Efficacy of chlorhexidine mouth rinse on plaque and gingivitis among school children: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 38(3), 256–260. https://doi.org/10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_68_20.

Shah, A., Patel, R., Doshi, A., & Gandhi, N. (2023). Antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate in reducing oral biofilm: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 17(2), ZC01–ZC05. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2023/60514.17634.

Subair, H. I., Jacob, P. A., Francis, M., Sreekumar, K., Unnikrishnan, B., & Vishnu, S. (2021). Periodontal health status and treatment needs among 35–44 year old adults in a rural area of Kerala. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 12(4), 48–53. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v12i4.14286.

Sukertiasih, N. K., Megawati, F., Meriyani, H., & Sanjaya, D. A. (2021). Studi retrospektif gambaran resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik. Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento, 7(2), 108–111. https://doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v7i2.2177.

Suprayogi, D., Asra, R., & Mahdalia, R. (2022). Analisis produk eco enzyme dari kulit buah nanas (Ananas comosus L.) dan jeruk berastagi (Citrus × sinensis L.). Jurnal Redoks, 7(1), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.31851/redoks.v7i1.8414.

Tama, A. P., & Hilmi, I. L. (2022). Literatur review: Pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap resisten penggunaan obat antibiotik. Jurnal Pemberdayaan Dan Pendidikan Kesehatan (JPPK), 2(01), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.34305/jppk.v2i01.580.

Thakur, S., Singh, P., & Pandey, S. (2021). Role of school-based oral health education in improving oral hygiene status of children: A systematic review. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 8(7), 3339–3345. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212832.

Tjiptoningsih, U. G., & Trisanto, N. K. (2022). Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak buah nanas (Ananas comosus) terhadap bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans secara in vitro. Jurnal Ilmiah dan Teknologi Kedokteran Gigi, 18(1), 24–30. https://doi.org/10.32509/jitekgi.v18i1.1377.

Varilla, C., Marcone, M. F., Paiva, L., & Baptista, J. (2021). Bromelain, a group of pineapple proteolytic complex enzymes (Ananas comosus) and their possible therapeutic and clinical effects: A summary. Foods, 10(10), 2249. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102249.

Wahyuddin, N., Ismail, I., Mashar, H. M., & Dali, D. (2022). Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun jarak merah (Jatropha gossypiifolia) asal Kabupaten Bantaeng. Jurnal Kefarmasian Akfarindo, 29–34. https://doi.org/10.37089/jofar.vi0.115

Walbi, I. A., Alshabi, A. M., Alkahtani, S. A., Shaikh, I. A., Abdel-Wahab, B. A., Khateeb, M. M., & Hoskeri, J. H. (2023). A preliminary cytotoxicity study of Fagonia arabica against breast (MCF-7), oral (KB-3-1), and lung cancer (A-549) cell lines: A study supported by molecular marker analysis using dual staining dyes. Separations, 10(2), 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10020110.

Widyastuti, A., Prasetyo, B., Setyawan, W., Yulianti, R., & Fitriani, D. (2023). Pengaruh penggunaan obat kumur chlorhexidine gluconate terhadap penurunan plak dan peradangan gingiva pada mahasiswa kedokteran gigi. Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia, 9(2), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkgi.9.2.85-92.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/mkk.v8i2.65302