Analisis Kegagalan Consociational Approach dalam Perjanjian Naivasha Sudan

Dina Yulianti, Windy Dermawan, Muhammad Alfiandra Yudistira

Abstrak


Perang Sipil Sudan yang kedua merupakan konflik antara pemerintah Sudan dan kelompok separatis dari Sudan Selatan yaitu Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A), dan merupakan konflik kekerasan terpanjang dalam sejarah Afrika (1983-2005). Konflik tersebut berakhir secara resmi setelah ditandatanganinya Comprehensive Peace Agreement atau Perjanjian Naivasha tahun 2005. Dalam perjanjian ini ada upaya meresolusi konflik dengan consociational approach yang melakukan prower sharing di antara pihak-pihak yang bertikai. Namun, perjanjian ini tidak berhasil membuat Sudan terbebas dari konflik. Artikel ini akan menyajikan analisis atas kegagalan implementasi consociational approach dalam menciptakan perdamaian positif di Sudan dan Sudan Selatan. Temuan riset ini adalah bahwa power sharing yang dilakukan dalam perjanjian ini hanya melibatkan elit. Selain itu, pembagian sumber daya alam selain minyak yang seharusnya memperhatikan faktor identitas, juga tidak tersentuh dalam perjanjian. Karena itulah perdamaian yang tercapai masih bersifat negatif dan memunculkan konflik kembali.


The Second Sudanese Civil War was a conflict between the Sudanese government and a separatist group from South Sudan, namely the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A). It was the most prolonged violent conflict in African history (1983-2005). The conflict officially ended after the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement or Naivasha Agreement in 2005. In this agreement, there was an effort to resolve the conflict with a consociational approach that carried out project sharing between the conflicting parties. However, this agreement did not succeed in making Sudan free from conflict. This article will present an analysis of the failure to implement the consociational approach in creating positive peace in Sudan and South Sudan The findings of this research are that the power-sharing carried out in this agreement only involves elites. Apart from that, the distribution of resources other than oil has yet to be carried out, which should also be divided, taking into account identity factors. That's why the peace achieved is still negative and gives rise to conflict again.


Kata Kunci


Konflik, Resolusi Konflik, Sudan Selatan, Sudan, Pendekatan Consociational, Perdamaian Positif

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/padjir.v6i1.40789

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