Menyingkap Paradoks Keamanan Energi Kosta Rika

Muhammad Arsy Azzumar, Dadan Suryadipura

Abstrak


Artikel ini membahas paradoks dalam kebijakan energi Kosta Rika yang menunjukkan keberhasilan elektrifikasi berbasis energi terbarukan di satu sisi, namun ketergantungan tinggi terhadap impor bahan bakar fosil di sektor transportasi di sisi lain. Paradoks tersebut diangkat untuk menunjukkan bagaimana transisi energi yang tampak progresif dapat menyembunyikan ketimpangan struktural yang dalam. Dengan memadukan konsep teori umpan balik kebijakan dari Pierson ( 1993) dan kerangka keamanan energi dari Sovacool & Mukherjee (2011), artikel ini menganalisis mengapa keberhasilan elektrifikasi justru menciptakan ketergantungan jalur yang menghambat reformasi lintas sektor. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa distribusi sumber daya yang bias dan narasi kebijakan yang terlalu sektoral menghasilkan sistem energi yang terfragmentasi dan tidak tahan krisis. Ketergantungan penuh pada BBM impor memperbesar kerentanan geopolitik dan memperlemah daya tahan energi nasional. Artikel ini merekomendasikan perlunya reorientasi strategi energi melalui elektrifikasi transportasi, diversifikasi bauran energi, dan reformasi alokasi fiskal agar transisi energi tak berhenti sebagai simbol, tapi menjadi transformasi struktural.

Kata Kunci


Energi Terbarukan, Ketahanan Energi, Ketergantungan Jalur, Transisi Parsial, Umpan Balik Kebijakan

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/padjir.v7i2.64934

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