Correlation of knowledge and attitude of pregnant women towards their oral health practice

Mutiara Nuraini Azizah; Mochamad Nur Ramadhani; Anne Agustina Suwargiani; Sri Susilawati

doi:10.24198/pjd.vol33no1.24845

Correlation of knowledge and attitude of pregnant women towards their oral health practice

Mutiara Nuraini Azizah, Mochamad Nur Ramadhani, Anne Agustina Suwargiani, Sri Susilawati

Abstract

Introduction: During pregnancy, hormonal changes can increase susceptibility to oral diseases. Oral disease can pose a risk for the baby's oral health and pregnancy outcomes. Oral problems and their complications during pregnancy can be prevented by maintaining oral health behaviours that include knowledge, attitude, and practice. This study was aimed to analyse the correlation of knowledge and attitude pregnant women toward their oral health practice. Methods: An analytic research with a cross-sectional method was conducted towards 65 pregnant women at Sukajadi Community Health Centre (Puskesmas), Bandung, taken as a sample through purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. The statistical test used in this study was the Spearman correlation test. Results: The study showed that 66.2% of pregnant women had good knowledge of oral health care, 27.7% had adequate knowledge, and 6.2% had poor knowledge. Oral health care attitude found that 56.9% of pregnant women had a good attitude, 43.1% had a fair attitude, and none were in the poor category. Oral health care practice of pregnant women resulted from 15.4% was in a good category, 60.0% in the fair category and 24.6% was in the poor category. The statistical analysis results between the attitude and the practice of oral health care showed a weak correlation with the correlation coefficient (r_s) 0.124 and a significance value (p-value) was higher than 0.05 (0.325), indicating that there was no significant relationship between attitudes and the practice of oral health care. Conclusion: There is weak correlation between knowledge and attitude of pregnant women toward their oral health practice.

Keywords

pregnant women; oral health care; knowledge; attitude; practice

Full Text:

PDF

References

Vamos CA, Thompson EL, Avendano M, Daley EM, Quinonez RB, Boggess K. Oral health promotion interventions during pregnancy: A systematic review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2015; 43(5): 385-96. DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12167

Mernoff R, Chigwale S, Pope R. Obstetric fistula and safe spaces: Discussions of stig-matised healthcare topics at a fistula centre. Cult Health Sex. 2020; 22(12): 1429-38. DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2019.1682196

Abiola A, Olayinka A, Mathilda B, Ogunbiyi O, Modupe S, Olubunmi O. A survey of the oral health knowledge and practices of pregnant women in a Nigerian teaching hospi-tal. Afr J Reprod Health. 2011; 15(3): 14–9.

Bansal M, Gupta RK. Pregnancy and oral health. Dent J Adv Stud. 2013; 1(2): 73-6.

Chaitra TR, Wagh S, Sultan S, Chaudhary S, Manuja N, Sinha AA. Knowledge, attitude and practice of oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes among rural and urban pregnant women of Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. J Interdisciplin Dent. 2018; 8(1): 5-12. DOI: 10.4103/jid.jid_56_17

Gambhir RS, Nirola A, Gupta T, Sekhon TS, Anand S. Oral health knowledge and awareness among pregnant women in India: A systematic review. J Indian Soc Perio-dontol. 2015; 19(6): 612-7. DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.162196

Jeelani S, Khader KA, Rangdhol RV, Dany A, Paulose S. Coalition of attitude and prac-tice behaviors among dental practitioners regarding pregnant patient's oral health and pregnant patient's perception toward oral health in and around Pondicherry. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2015; 7(Suppl 2): S509-12. DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.163520

Gupta S, Jain A, Mohan S, Bhaskar N, Walia PK. Comparative evaluation of oral health knowledge, practices and attitude of pregnant and non-pregnant women, and their awareness regarding adverse pregnancy outcomes. J Clin Diagn Research. 2015; 9(11): ZC26-32. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/13819.6756

Sinha S, Bhat PR, Govekar VV, Trasad VA, Acharya AB. Awareness and knowledge re-garding maternal periodontal status and associated pregnancy outcomes among the gynecologists of Hubli-Dharwad. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2020; 24(4): 375–78. DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_263_19

Avula H, Mishra A, Arora N, Avula J. KAP assessment of oral health and adverse preg-nancy outcomes among pregnant women in Hyderabad, India. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2013; 11(3): 261-70. DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a30481

Bamanikar S, Kee LK. Knowledge, attitude and practice of oral and dental healthcare in pregnant women. Oman Med J. 2013; 28(4): 288–91. DOI: 10.5001/omj.2013.80

Suwargiani AA, Arief EM, Aripin D, Widyaputra S, Susilawati S. Oral health care prac-tice of women with pregnancy experience. Padjadjaran J Dent. 2020; 32(3): 197-206. DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol32no3.30312

Hwang SS, Smith VC, McCormick MC, Barfield WD. Racial/ethnic disparities in mater-nal oral health experiences in 10 states, pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system, 2004–2006. Matern Child Health J. 2011; 15(6): 722-9. DOI: 10.1007/s10995-010-0643-2

Shenoy R, Chacko V. Utilization of dental services due to dental pain by pregnant women in India: A qualitative analysis. J Interdisciplin Dent. 2013; 3(1): 18-20. DOI: 10.4103/2229-5194.120519

Haque SE, Rahman M, Itsuko K, Mutahara M, Kayako S, Tsutsumi A. Effect of a school-based oral health education in preventing untreated dental caries and increasing knowledge, attitude, and practices among adolescents in Bangladesh. BMC Oral Health. 2016; 16(44): 1-10. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0202-3

Gaffar BO, El Tantawi M, Al-Ansari A, AlAgl AS. Association between oral health knowledge and practices of Saudi pregnant women in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J. 2016; 22(6): 411–16. DOI: 10.26719/2016.22.6.411

Chawla RM, Shetiya SH, Agarwal DR, Mitra P, Bomble NA, Satya Narayana D. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women regarding oral health status and treatment needs following oral health education in Pune District of Maharashtra: A longitudinal hospital-based study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2017; 18(5): 371–7. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2049

Khalaf SA, Osman SR, Abbas AM, Ismail TAM. Knowledge, attitude and practice of oral healthcare among pregnant women in Assiut, Egypt. Int J community Med Public Health. 2018; 5(3): 890–900. DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180743

Sodik MA. Leprosy patients in public perception: A qualitative study of patient confi-dence (dis) in the community. J Global Res Public Health. 2016; 1(2): 99-106.

Xin TZ, Rahmawati H, Hafizoh N, Artia DP, Erika LD, Hani W. Sosialisasi kepada Kader Posyandu di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Sukajadi tentang Penjaringan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut pada Ibu Hamil (Socialisation to the Cadres of Integrated Health Care Service (Posyandu) in the Sukajadi Community Health Centre Work Area regarding Oral Health Screening of Pregnant Women). Work reports. Bandung; 2016.

Xin TZ, Rahmawati H, Hafizoh N, Artia DP, Erika LD, Hani W. Menetapkan Prioritas Masalah di Wilayah UPT Puskesmas Sukajadi Tahun 2016 (Setting Priority Problems in the Sukajadi Community Health Centre (Puskesmas) Work Area in 2016). Work reports. Bandung; 2016.

Suri V, Rao NC, Aggarwal N. A study of obstetricians' knowledge, attitudes and prac-tices in oral health and pregnancy. Educ Health (Abingdon). 2014; 27(1): 51-4. DOI: 10.4103/1357-6283.134313

Deghatipour M, Ghorbani Z, Ghanbari S, Arshi S, Ehdayivand F, Namdari M, et al. Oral health status in relation to socioeconomic and behavioral factors among pregnant women: A community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2019; 117(19): 1-10. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0801-x

Kumar R. Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners. 3rd ed. Califor-nia: SAGE Publications; 2018. p. 191-213.

Taherdoost H. Validity and reliability of the research instrument; how to test the vali-dation of a questionnaire/survey in a research. Int J Acad Res Manag. 2016; 5(3): 28-36. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3205040

Bolarinwa OA. Principles and methods of validity and reliability testing of question-naires used in social and health science researches. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2015; 22(4): 195-201. DOI: 10.4103/1117-1936.173959

Suresh KP, Chandrashekara S. Sample size estimation and power analysis for clinical research studies. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2012; 5(1): 7-13. DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.97779

Dowdy S, Wearden S, Chilko D. Statistics for Research. 5th ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011: p. 211-63.

Nogueira BML, Nogueira BCL, de Souza Fonseca RR, Brandao GAM, de Alencar Menezes TO, dos Santos Tembra DP. Knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about oral health. Int J Odontostomat. 2016; 10(2): 297–302.

Bayat F, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Bashirian S, Faradmal J. Assessment of dental care and its related barriers in pregnant women of Hamadan city. J Educ Community Health. 2016; 3(1): 20-27. DOI: 10.21859/jech-03013

Hiremath SS. Textbook of Preventive and Community Dentistry. Chennai: Elsevier In-dia; 2011. p. 340-51.

Azwar S. The Human Attitude Theory and Its Measurement. Yogyakarta: Yogyakarta Student Literature; 2011. p. 23-30.

George A, Johnson M, Blinkhorn A, Ajwani S, Bhole S, Yeo AE, et al. The oral health status, practices and knowledge of pregnant women in South-Western Sydney. Aust Dent J. 2013; 58(1): 26–33. DOI: 10.1111/adj.12024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol33no1.24845