Antibacterial potential of strawberries and basil extracts combination against Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556)

Hendra Dian Adhita Dharsono; Denny Nurdin; Fajar Fatriadi; Yolanda Dwiutami Gondowidjojo; Ellizabeth Yunita; Eti Apriyanti

doi:10.24198/pjd.vol33no3.35894

Antibacterial potential of strawberries and basil extracts combination against Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556)

Hendra Dian Adhita Dharsono, Denny Nurdin, Fajar Fatriadi, Yolanda Dwiutami Gondowidjojo, Ellizabeth Yunita, Eti Apriyanti

Abstract

Introduction: Streptococcus sanguinis is a commensal microorganism as well as a pioneer colony in forming dental plaque. Oral biofilm formation can be prevented by a mechanical cleaning procedure followed by the use of mouthwash. The current gold standard for mouthwash is chlorhexidine. Nevertheless, it has side effects that are not recommended for long-term use. Previous studies had proven that herbal-based mouthwashes such as basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum) and strawberry fruit (Fragaria x ananassa) have been shown to have antibacterial properties. The effectivity of antibacterial activity phenomenon in combined extracts has been reported in other studies. This research aims to observe the antibacterial potential of the F. x ananassa and O. basilicum extract combinations against S. sanguinis (ATCC 10556). Methods: The sample of this study was a combination of F. x ananassa and O. basilicum extract, which initially screened for their antibacterial activities. Antibacterial activities of F. x ananassa and O. basilicum extracts against S. sanguinis were observed using Kirby Bauer method, while Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by serial microdilution method. The 2% concentration from each extract was combined in 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 volume ratio variations then tested for inhibitory zones, MIC, and MBC. Results: F. x ananassa extract had 0.125% and 0.25% for MIC and MBC respectively, while O. basilicum extract showed the value of MIC and MBC as 0.031% and 0.063% against S. sanguinis (ATCC 10556). The extract combinations in 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 volume ratio variations showed 0.016% for MIC and 0.031% for MBC. Conclusions: It was concluded that combining extracts of 2 % F. x ananassa and 2% O. basilicum in various ratios were observably to have the antibacterial potential against S. sanguinis (ATCC 10556).

Keywords

antibacterial activity; strawberry; Fragaria x ananassa; basil; Ocimum basilicum; Streptococcus sanguinis

Full Text:

PDF

References

Heymann HO, Swift Jr. EJ, Ritter AV. Sturdevant’s Art and Science of Operative Dentistry. 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2013. p. 41-3.

Zhu B, Macleod LC, Kitten T, Xu P. Streptococcus sanguinis biofilm formation & interaction with oral pathogens. Future Microbiol. 2018 Jun 1;13(8):915-932. DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0043

Fani M, Kohanteb J. Inhibitory activity of Aloe vera gel on some clinically isolated cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. J Oral Sci. 2012 Mar;54(1):15-21. DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.54.15

National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD). Indonesia Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2018. Jakarta: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia; 2018. p. 110-9.

Singh P, Kaur M, Singh I. Efficacy of chlorhexidine vs herbal mouthwash mouth wash in college students: A comparative study. Int J of Med and Health Res. 2017;3 (5):78-81.

Jeon JG, Rosalen PL, Falsetta ML, Koo H. Natural products in caries research: current (limited) knowledge, challenges and future perspective. Caries Res. 2011; 45(3): 243-63. DOI: 10.1159/000327250

Megalaa N, Kayalvizhi G, Silas AJ, Sajeev R, Saravana Kumar MS. Role of herbal leaf extracts in caries prevention. Int J Cont Med Res. 2014; 1(2): 71-8

Yuan H, Ma Q, Ye L, Piao G. The traditional medicine and modern medicine from natural products. Molecules. 2016 Apr 29;21(5):559. DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050559

Harvey AL, Edrada-Ebel R, Quinn RJ. The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2015 Feb;14(2):111-29. DOI: 10.1038/nrd4510

Siddeshappa ST, Bhatnagar S, Yeltiwar RK, Parvez H, Singh A, Banchhor S. Comparative evaluation of antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of an herbal and chlorine dioxide mouthwashes: A clinico microbiological study. Indian J Dent Res. 2018 Jan-Feb;29(1):34-40. DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_391_16

Jangid K, Doraiswamy JN, Saji VS, dan Malaiappan S. Efficacy of herbal mouthwashes compared to chlorhexidine in gingivitis- a systematic review. Int J of Ethnobiol & Ethnomed. 2014; 1(1): 1-12

James P, Worthington HV, Parnell C, Harding M, Lamont T, Cheung A, Whelton H, Riley P. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an adjunctive treatment for gingival health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 3(3): CD008676. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008676.pub2

Sitorus TE, Purwaningsih S, Wahyunitisari MR. Antibacterial effect of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) extract on pathogenic serotype 1-11 Escherichia Coli revealed using dilution method. Fol Med Indo. 2012; 48(4): 167-73.

Islam MS, Riaz Z, Waqa A, Nassar M, Hossain A, Rahman MM. The effect of cranberry, Strawberry and blueberry juices on the viability of cariogenic bacteria: an in vitro study. Journal of International Dental & Medicinal Research. 2020; 13(2): 436-41

Widyarman AS, Widjaja SB, Idrus E. 2017. Strawberry extract’s effects on Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms in vitro. Sci Dentl J. 2017; 1(1): 1-5. DOI: 10.26912/sdj.v1i1.1911

Rezzoug M, Bakchiche B, Gherib A, Roberta A, FlaminiGuido, Kilinçarslan Ö, Mammadov R, Bardaweel SK. Chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oils and Ethanolic extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. and Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. from the Algerian Saharan Atlas. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019; 19(1): 146. DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2556-y.

Astuti P, Saifullah TN, Wulanjati MP, Yosephine AD, Ardianti D. Basil essential oil (Ocimum basilicum L.) activities on Streptococcus mutans Growth, biofilm formation and degradation and its stability in micro-emulsion mouthwash formula. Int J of Pharm and Clin Res. 2016; 8(1): 26-32.

Yosephine AD, Wulanjati MP, Saifullah TN, Astuti P. Mouthwash formulation of basil oil (Ocimum basilicum L) and in vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm against Streptococcus mutans. Trad Med J. 2013; 18(2): 95-102. DOI: 10.22146/tradmedj.8036

Lahiri D, Nag M, Dutta B, Dey S, Mukherjee D, Joshi SJ, Ray RR. Antibiofilm and anti-quorum sensing activities of eugenol and linalool from Ocimum tenuiflorum against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. J Appl Microbiol. 2021 Jun 2. DOI: 10.1111/jam.15171

Melo RS, Albuquerque Azevedo ÁM, Gomes Pereira AM, Rocha RR, et al. Chemical composition and antimicrobial effectiveness of Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil against multidrug-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Molecules. 2019; 24(21): 3864. DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213864

Walker R dan Whittlesea C. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 5th Ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingston Elsevier; 2012.p. 57

Yin N, Ma W, Pei J, Ouyang Q, Tang C, Lai L. Synergistic and antagonistic drug combinations depend on network topology. PLoS One. 2014; 9(4): e93960. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093960

C Che CT, Wang ZJ, Chow MS, Lam CW. Herb-herb combination for therapeutic enhancement and advancement: theory, practice and future perspectives. Molecules. 2013; 18(5): 5125-41. DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055125

Chiedozie EI, Ahamefule OF, dan Ukamaka AA. Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial and Stability Studies of Poly-Herbal Mouthwashes against Streptococcus mutans. J of Pharm and Phyt. 2016; 5(5): 354-61.

Chouhan S, Sharma K, Guleria S. Antimicrobial Activity of Some Essential Oils-Present Status and Future Perspectives. Medicines (Basel). 2017; 4(3): 58. DOI: 10.3390/medicines4030058

Anggraini F, Satari MH, Mariam MS. Bacterial inhibition test of methanolic extracts of strawberry (Fragraia x ananassa Duchesne), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and radish (Raphanus sativus L.), towards Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556 .Padjadjaran J Dent. 2018; 30(2): 98-102.

Rikmasari R, Zubaedah C, Dharsono HDA, Satari MH, Herdiyati Y, Kurnia D. Antibacterial potential of kemangi (ocimum basilicum l.) Against pathogenic oral bacteria: An in vitro Study. Res J Medic Plants 2020; 14: 8-14. DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2020.8.14

Philip N, Leishman S, Bandara H, Walsh L. Growth inhibitory effects of antimicrobial natural products against cariogenic and health-associated oral bacterial species. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2020; 18(1): 537-42. DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a44307

Pinevich AV, Andronov EE, Pershina EV, Pinevich AA, Dmitrieva HY. Testing culture purity in prokaryotes: criteria and challenges. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2018 Sep;111(9):1509-21. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060936

Nidhi S. Concept of Drug Interaction. International Res J Pharmacy. 2012; 3(7): 120-2.

Tekin E, Beppler C, White C, Mao Z, Savage VM, Yeh PJ. Enhanced identification of synergistic and antagonistic emergent interactions among three or more drugs. J R Soc Interface. 2016 Jun;13(119):20160332. DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0332

Bilal A, Jahan N, Ahmed A, Bilal SN, Habib S, Hajra S. Phytochemical an pharmacological studies on Oncimum basilicum Linn- a review. Int J Curr Res Rev. 2012; 4(23): 13-83.DOI: 10.31782/2231-2196

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol33no3.35894