Quality assessment of oral health promotion contents regarding caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer through websites using discern instruments: a cross-sectional study

Muhammad Abdul Halim; Anne Agustina Suwargiani; Dudi Aripin; Jamaludin Marhazlinda

doi:10.24198/pjd.vol36no2.55949

Quality assessment of oral health promotion contents regarding caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer through websites using discern instruments: a cross-sectional study

Muhammad Abdul Halim, Anne Agustina Suwargiani, Dudi Aripin, Jamaludin Marhazlinda

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Introduction: One way to improve public oral health is through conducting health promotion activities. As technology develops, the internet has been used as a medium for health promotion by presenting health content through websites. However, the use of these websites has the potential to provide inaccurate health information due to the flexibility of users in uploading health content without a prior regulatory process and review of the contents. This study aims to describe oral health promotion content quality through regarding caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer websites using Discern Instruments. Methods: This study used the descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. Samples were taken using the purposive sampling technique, with a total of 46 samples. The instrument consisted of 16 questions divided into three sections. The first section, comprising seven questions, focused on the reliability and accuracy of the presented health information. The second section, with eight questions, focused on the quality of information regarding treatment options. The final section, consisting of a single question, assessed the overall assessment based on the previous questions. The quality of the websites was assessed by two reviewers. The inter-rater reliability between the two reviewers was calculated using the Cohen’s Kappa test. Data presentation included frequency distribution, mean, and standard deviation. Results: In this study, 33.3% of caries websites had low quality and 66.6% had moderate quality. In periodontal disease, 33.3% of websites were of low quality, 60% were of moderate quality and 6.6% were of high quality. In oral cancer, 26.3% were of low quality and 73.6% were of medium quality. Conclusion: The quality of dental and oral health promotion content on websites, assessed using the Discern Instruments, shows that most websites regarding caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer have moderate quality, some have low quality, and only one website is of high quality.

Keywords

Content quality, oral health promotion, website, Discern Instruments

Full Text:

PDF

References

Glick M, Williams DM, Kleinman D V., Vujicic M, Watt RG, Weyant RJ. A new definition for oral health developed by the FDI World Dental Federation opens the door to a universal definition of oral health. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016;147(12):915–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2016.10.001

FDI World Dental Federation. The Challenge of Oral Disease - A call for global action. Vol. 180, The Oral Health Atlas. 2015. 89 p.

Indonesian Ministry of Health. Basic Health Research Results 2018. Vol. 53, Indonesian Ministry of Health. 2018. 200 p.

Indonesian Ministry of Health. National Riskesdas Report 2018. Vol. 10. 2019. 126 p.

Nubatonic MO. Dental Health Promotion Using Leaflet Media on the Knowledge, Attitudes and Status of Dental and Oral Hygiene of Kupang City Elementary School Students. 2008;57–70.

Tiraihati ZW. Analysis of Health Promotion Based on the Ottawa Charter at the Surabaya Oncology Hospital. J PROM HEALTH. 2018;5(1):1. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.V5.I1.2017.1-12

Arista BE, Hadi S, Soesilaningtyas. Systematic Literature Review: Effective Use of Media in Promoting Dental and Oral Health in Elementary School Children. J Dental Nursing Science [Internet]. 2021;2(2):208–15. Available from: http://ejurnal.poltekkestasikmalaya.ac.id/index.php/jikg/article/view/704

Jennah EN, Wardani IK, Wibowo D. Differences in the Effectiveness of Dental Health Care Education with Animation Video and Podcast Media. 2022;VI(2):108–13.

Sari M, Permata Putri NI. Increasing Dental and Oral Health Knowledge in the Elderly with Demonstration Method Health Promotion. Incisive Dent J Maj Incisive Dentistry. 2021;10(2):26–31.

Chalim S, Anwas EOM. The Role of Parents and Teachers in Building the Internet as a Learning Resource. J Author. 2018;14(1):33–42. https://doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v14i1.19558

APJJ. APJII Internet Survey Report 2019 – 2020. Asos Indonesian Internet Service Providers [Internet]. 2020;2020:1–146. Available from: https://apjii.or.id/survei

APJII. Indonesian Internet Penetration Survey 2024. 2023. 1–73 p.

Belinda NR, Surya LS. Educational Media in Dental and Oral Health Education for Children. Jrip [Internet]. 2021;3(1):56–60. Available from: http://journal.rekarta.co.id/index.php/jrip/

Rogers MAM,Lemmen K,Kramer R, Mann J, Chopra V. Internet-delivered health interventions that work: Systematic review of meta-analyses and evaluation of website availability. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19(3):1–28. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7111

Lotto M, Aguirre PEA, Neto NL, Cruvinel AF, Cruvinel T. Is the quality of toothache-related information published in brazilian websites adequate to assist people in seeking dental treatment? Oral Heal Prev Dent. 2020;18(2):301–9.

Al-Ak’hali MS, Fageeh HN, Halboub E, Alhajj MN, Ariffin Z. Quality and readability of web-based Arabic health information on periodontal disease. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak [Internet]. 2021;21(1):1–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01413-0

Hu X, Pan H, He W, Hua H, Yan Z. Evaluation of the content quality of websites for recurrent aphthous ulcers and oral lichen planus. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-017-0467-1

Yusoff MSB. ABC of content validation and content validity index calculation. Educ Med J. 2019;11(2):49–54

Tahir M, Usman M, Muhammad F, ur Rehman S, Khan I, Idrees M, et al. Evaluation of quality and readability of online health information on high blood pressure using DISCERN and Flesch-Kincaid tools. Appl Sci. 2020;10(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093214

Olkun HK, Demirkaya AA, Aras B. The quality of Internet information on lingual orthodontics in the English language, with DISCERN and JAMA. J Orthod. 2019;46(1):20–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465312518824100

Charnock D, Shepperd S, Needham G, Gann R. DISCERN: An instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999;53(2):105–11. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.53.2.105

Kaicker J, Dang W. Assessing The Quality And Reliability Of Health Information On ERCP Using The DISCERN Instrument. Heal Care Curr Rev. 2016;4(2):1–4. https://doi.org/10.4172/hccr.1000104

Halboub E, Al-Ak’hali MS, M. Al-Mekhlaf H, Alhajj MN. Quality and readability of web-based Arabic health information on COVID-19: an infodemiological study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2021;21(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10218-9

Aboalshamat K. Quality and readability of web-based information on dental caries in Arabic: an infodemiological study. BMC Oral Health [Internet]. 2023;23(1):4–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03547-1

Kanmaz B, Buduneli N. Evaluation of information quality on the internet for periodontal disease patients. Oral Dis. 2021;27(2):348–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13546

Alakhali MS. Quality assessment of information on oral cancer provided at Arabic speaking websites. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2020;21(4):961–6. https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.4.961

McMorrow SM, Millett DT. Adult orthodontics: a quality assessment of Internet information. J Orthod. 2016;43(3):186–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/14653125.2016.1194599

Kuter B, Ateşçi AA, Eden E. Quality and reliability of web-based information regarding restorative treatment in pediatric patients. Eur Oral Res. 2021;55(3):104–9. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.2021812053

Zaki H, Abdouh I, Algarni A, Almukhlifi R, Sanad S, Alassaf M, et al. Web-Based Information on the Treatment of Dental Hypomineralization. Cureus. 2023;15(9). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.45840

Alkhuwaiter SS, Alssafi F, Alshunaiber R, Ahmed Y Bin, Albdah B. Quality and Readability Assessment of Web ‑ based Arabic Health Information on Early Childhood Caries. 2024;

Dalbatan Ö, Üstün K. The Quality of Information about Periodontal Disease in Turkish Internet Sites. Akdeniz Med J. 2022;128–33.

Huynh MNQ, Hicks KE, Malic C. Assessment of the Readability, Adequacy, and Suitability of Online Patient Education Resources for Benign Vascular Tumours Using the DISCERN Instrument. Plast Surg. 2019;27(4):325–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/2292550319880911

Charow R, Snow M, Fathima S, Giuliani ME, McEwan K, Winegust J, et al. Evaluation of the scope, quality, and health literacy demand of internet-based anal cancer information. J Med Libr Assoc. 2019;107(4):527–37. https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2019.393

Kiran S. D. P, Kamath V, Mulchandani V, Shah S, Jhamb V, Jani M. Evaluation of the quality of internet information using Discern tool and HON seal on primary teeth eruption. Int J Pedod Rehabil. 2022;7(1):50–6. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjpedorehab.v7i1.435

Schwendicke F, Stange J, Stange C, Graetz C. German dentists ’ websites on periodontitis have low quality of information. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2017;17(114):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-017-0511-8

Kinar Taran P, Bakkal M, Mammadli N. Fluoride and the internet: an assessment of online information available to the public. Acta Odontol Turc. 2022;39(2):39–44. https://doi.org/10.17214/gaziaot.947860

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol36no2.55949