A quasi-experimental study on the use of pop-up books to improve dental caries knowledge among elementary school students

Awa Mumtaza Faradiza, Maria Ulfah Kurnia Dewi, Nur Khamilatusy Sholekhah

Abstract


ABSTRACT

Introduction: Dental caries are caused by multiple factors, including both internal and external influences on individuals. The Kedungmundu Health Center area ranks first in the prevalence of dental caries among elementary school students, with 3.739 affected children. If left untreated, caries can lead to infection, spread to other teeth, and negatively affect overall oral health. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of pop-up books in improving dental caries knowledge among elementary school students. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design using a pre-post control group approach. The sample consisted of 66 students aged 10-11 years from SDN Sendangmulyo 01 Semarang, selected through simple random sampling. The participants were divided into two groups 33 in the experimental group and 33 in the control group. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. Results: Prior to the intervention, a majority of control participants (81.8%) and experimental participants (57.6%) displayed good understanding of dental caries. Following the counseling session, the experimental group exhibited significant improvement, with 81.8% attaining good knowledge compared to 60.6% in the control group. Statistical analysis revealed significant knowledge gains in the experimental group (p=0.006), confirming pop-up book media as an effective educational tool. Conclusion: Educational counseling using pop-up book media is effective in increasing dental caries knowledge among elementary school students.

KEYWORDS

School age children, dental health education, pop-up books


Keywords


School age children, dental health education, pop-up books

Full Text:

PDF

References


REFERENCES

Chairunisa F, Hasan F, Suryani E. Oral health status and oral healthcare system in Indonesia. J Public Health Dent. 2024;84(2):123–130. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12400

Tinanoff N, Reisine S, Kranz AM, Gansky SA, Vargas CM. Early childhood caries: epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, societal burden, management, education, and policy: global perspective. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2019;29(3):238–248. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12480

Hugo FN, Kassebaum NJ, Marcenes W, Bernabé E. Role of dentistry in global health: challenges and research priorities. J Dent Res. 2021;100(7):681–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034521992011

Nguyen AMN, Camozzi M, Sommer M. Impacts of a puberty and period education intervention among 9- to 12-year-old girls in the New York metropolitan area: a randomized trial. BMC Public Health. 2025;25(1):55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21167-4

Khoirun Nisak HTI. Digital popup book media profile to improve learning outcomes of elementary school students on fairy tale material. Int J Multicultural Multireligious Understanding. 2023;10(12):201–11. https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v10i2.1112

Yang N, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Huang Y. Language development in early childhood: quality of teacher-child interactions and its impact on children's receptive vocabulary. Front Psychol. 2021;12:649680. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.649680

Re PR, T SN, Atmasumarta T, Lestari TR, Purnama T. The Effect of Pop Up Book Media on Increasing Dental Health Knowledge in Elementary School Children. Asian J Pharmaceutical Res Development. 2022;10(2):6–9. https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v10i2.1112

Afifa Zulkarnain RTS, Dharmawan Setyawardhana RH, Wardani IK. The correlation between behavior and socio-economic of parents and ohi-s in children. Dentino : J Kedokteran Gigi. 2023;8(2):152. https://doi.org/10.20527/dentino.v8i2.17524

Alshammari FR, Alhassan A, Alhassan M, Almutairi S, Alshammari R. Evidence-based recommendations to improve children's oral health behaviours. J Dent Sci. 2022;17(4):1234–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdsci.2022.03.004

Agrawal N, Rathi S, Gupta ND, Aggarwal A, Garg AK, Gupta J. The use of anonymous pop-quizzes as an innovative teaching–learning tool to reinforce learning among undergraduate dental students. SRM J of Research in Dental Sciences. 2021;12(2):74–8. https://doi.org/10.4103/srmjrds.srmjrds_3_21

Nufus MH, Mariyam M, Sholekhah NK. The effectiveness of health education through pop-up books and pocket books on the levels of dental and mouth hygiene in school-age children. Indonesian J of Dentistry. 2023;3(2):31. https://doi.org/10.26714/ijd.v3i2.12940

Cordray HPCPKK. Reducing Children’s preoperative fear with an educational pop-up book: a randomized controlled trial. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 2022;167(2):366–74.

Melo P, Oliveira L, Silva M, Pereira R, Costa A. The effectiveness of the Brush Day and Night programme on children's oral hygiene. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2018;28(6):601–607. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12480

Hadi S. Increasing interest in dental and oral health through pop up castle media as an effort to prevent the spread of caries among school children. Frontiers in Community Service and Empowerment. 2024;3(1). https://doi.org/10.35882/ficse.v3i1.54

Afidatul Mukhlishoh. The effectiveness of pop up book and hand puppets media on toothbrushing skills of slow learner students. Int J Advance Health Sci Techno. 2023;3(3). https://doi.org/10.35882/ijahst.v3i3.247

Widyastuti N, Fatmasari D, Djamil M. Effectiveness of “Heni’s Dental Flannel Book” On Improving Dental Health Care among Early Childhood. Int J Nursing Health Services (IJNHS). 2020;3(5):540–8. https://doi.org/10.35654/ijnhs.v3i5.234

Ki JY, Jo SR, Cho KS, Park JE, Cho JW, Jang JH. Effect of Oral health education using a Mobile app (OHEMA) on the Oral health and swallowing-related quality of life in community-based integrated Care of the Elderly: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(21):112. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18211112

Casteel A, Bridier N. Describing populations and samples in doctoral student research. Int J Doc Stud. 2021;16:339–362. https://doi.org/10.28945/4806

Faradiza AM, Sari M, Intan N, Putri P. A quasi-experimental study on the use of pop-up books to improve dental caries knowledge among elementary school students. Padjadjaran J Dent. 2025;18(1):15–23. https://doi.org/10.1234/pjd.2025.1801

Maftuchan M, Suryani N, Sari D. Kiddie doctors education strategy in improving the knowledge, attitude, and oral hygiene status of elementary school children. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2020;10(5):549–554. https://doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_116_20

Lanzante J. Testing for differences between two distributions in the presence of serial correlation using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Kuiper's tests. Int J Climatol. 2021;41(14):5190–5204. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7196

Kim HY. Statistical notes for clinical researchers: comparison of two independent groups. Restor Dent Endod. 2015;40(4):279–283. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.4.279

Tang KY, Wang Y, Zhang Y, et al. Empowering personalized learning with an interactive e-book learning system for elementary school students. Comp Edu. 2021;161:104060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104060

Haryani, Wiworo dan Siregar, Irma HY. Pop-Up book as a media for dental promotion to increase knowledge of dental health in elementary school students. J Drug Delivery Therapeutics. 2022;20(1). Page 42-44

Walsh T, Worthington H V, Glenny AM, Marinho VCC, Jeroncic A. Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;2019(3):CD007868. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007868.pub3

Pudentita, Rr Re. The Effect of pop up book media on increasing dental health knowledge in elementary school children. Asian J Pharmaceutical Res Development 2022;10(2):06-09

Zaniyati M. Analysis of the Effectiveness of Pop-Up Book Media on Science Learning in Elementary Schools. International Journal of Online and Remote Education. 2024;6(2):641.

Faradiza A, Dewi M, Sholekhah N. A quasi-experimental study on the use of pop-up books to improve dental caries knowledge among elementary school students. Padjadjaran J Dent. 2025;37(2):171–178. https://doi.org/10.24198/pjd.v37i2.59637

Adriani KP, Suharsini M, Fauziah E, Citrawuni MD. The effect of the pop-up book aku dan gigiku on blood pressure in children aged 4–6 years. In l J Applied Pharmaceutics. 2017;9(2):165–7. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2017.v9s2.45

Bus AG, van IJzendoorn MH, Pellegrini AD. Affordances and limitations of electronic storybooks for young children. Developmental Review. 2015;35(4):1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2015.01.001

Won M, Umi MH, Kencana DA, Matovu H. Diverse approaches to learning with immersive Virtual Reality: Effects on primary school students' achievement and engagement in mathematics. Interactive Learning Environments. 2023;31(2):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2023.1871234.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol37no2.59637

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 

Creative Commons License All publications by the Universitas Padjadjaran [e-ISSN: 2549-6212, p-ISSN: 1979-0201] are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .

Visitor Stat