Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students
Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students is an open-access journal published in English and Indonesian due to National and International authors, which publishes research articles from junior and mid-level researchers in all fields of basic dental medicine and the development of dental science and technology, from various interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches. The scope of the Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students includes all fields of dental medicine, including oral biology; dental materials science and technology; oral and maxillofacial surgery; pediatric dentistry; public dental health, epidemiology, and preventive dentistry; conservative dentistry, endodontics, and operative dentistry; periodontics; prosthodontics; orthodontics; oral pathology; dental radiology; as well as advancements in dental science from other scientific approaches. The journal is published by the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, with an e-ISSN of 2656-985X. Initially, publication was conducted twice a year, in April and October, up until 2021. Starting in 2022, publication frequency increased to three times a year, in February, June, and October. The Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students has also dynamically updated its cover design over the years to be more representative, distinctive, and informative. The journal accepts article submissions throughout the year via the Open Journal System. Articles undergo an initial screening to help junior and mid-level researchers improve their scientific writing skills, followed by a double-blind peer-review process to uphold high-quality scientific standards. Before submission, all authors must format their articles according to the journal's template and provide complete and valid author and metadata information; otherwise, the article will not be considered for further processing. Submitted manuscripts undergo plagiarism checks using Turnitin to prevent unacceptable levels of plagiarism. Reference management is recommended using Mendeley, following the Vancouver superscript citation style. Keywords should be based on terms included in MeSH. All submitted articles undergo initial editorial assessment, followed by double-blind peer review and editorial copyediting. Editorial practices at Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students adhere to the ICMJE Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. Double-blind peer review follows the RDDA (Related Discipline Different Affiliation) principle, in line with the Ethics Guidelines for Reviewers of the Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students. Publication policies and practices strictly adhere to COPE publication ethics standards. Effective February 2023, JKG implemented updated templates for research articles and case reports, available on the journal website. The journal has accepted English-language (international) manuscripts since the February 2023 issue. Affiliated with the Indonesian Dental Association (PDGI), the Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students is indexed in: Crossref Metadata Search, Google Scholar, WorldCat, and Dimensions. The journal is nationally accredited by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (SK No 23/E/KPT/2019) with a Sinta ranking. As of February 28, 2023, Volume 7 Issue 1 has undergone comprehensive template changes. Starting February 2023, the Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students has updated its research article template for original articles, which can be download here. For review articles, including (Systematic, Rapid, and Scoping Reviews), a single template is provided and can be downloaded here. Further history of the Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students is available in the Journal History section. Information on Article Publication Charges or fees can be found in the Author Fees section.
Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran
Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students (PJDRS) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Authors who publish with Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry agree to the following terms: The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions. The legal formal aspect of publication accessibility refers to the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). This license requires that reusers give appropriate credit to the creator. It allows others to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for non-commercial purposes only, provided proper attribution is given to the original author(s) and the source.
Assessment of the taper angle in porcelain-fused-to-metal crown preparation performed by dental students: Study observational
ABSTRACT Introduction: Indirect restorations, such as fixed porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown and bridge prostheses, require tooth preparation that follows established principles to achieve restoration success. One of the preparation principles that needs to be considered is the taper angle, resulting from the axial wall tapering. To achieve maximum retention, the recommended taper angle is 6°. In clinical practice, preparation errors are frequently found, such as over-reduction and difficulties in axial tooth reduction. Thus, clinical education is required to improve students’ competence and skills to achieve recommended and more precise preparation results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the taper angle of porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown preparations performed by dental students. Methods: The study was conducted using a descriptive observational design with a total sample of 30 patients at the Prosthodontics Department at RSGM Unpad treated by clinical students of FKG Unpad. The patients’ jaws were scanned using a digital intraoral scanner, then the size of the taper angles were measured using CorelDRAW, with the ideal taper angle of 6-10°. The collected data were analyzed statistically using the chi-square test. Results: The average taper angle formed mesiodistally and buccolingually was 25,0° ± 14,5° and 14,9° ± 12,7° respectively, both of which were greater than the recommended taper angle. Conclusion: The preparation of porcelain-fused-to-metal performed by FKG Unpad clinical students did not reach the ideal taper angle. Dental students should receive hands-on clinical training to evaluate their tooth preparation performance and outcomes, in order to achieve high quality dental care for patients, using either conventional methods (extracted teeth) or digital methods (dental simulators, augmented reality). KEYWORDS: porcelain-fused-to-metal crown restoration, taper angle, tooth preparation Penilaian sudut taper pada preparasi mahkota porcelain-fused-to-metal yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa kedokteran gigi: Studi observasional ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Restorasi tidak langsung, seperti mahkota dan jembatan tetap porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM), memerlukan preparasi yang harus mengikuti prinsip preparasi gigi yang telah ditetapkan untuk mencapai keberhasilan restorasi. Salah satu prinsip preparasi yang perlu diperhatikan adalah sudut taper yang dihasilkan dari kemiringan dinding aksial. Untuk mencapai retensi maksimal, sudut taper yang direkomendasikan adalah 6°. Dalam praktik klinis, kesalahan preparasi masih sering ditemukan, misalnya reduksi berlebih (over-reduction) dan kesulitan dalam melakukan reduksi aksial gigi. Oleh karena itu, pendidikan pada tingkat klinis diperlukan untuk melatih kompetensi mahasiswa serta meningkatkan keterampilan mereka agar dapat mencapai hasil preparasi yang sesuai rekomendasi dan lebih presisi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menilai sudut taper pada preparasi mahkota porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) oleh mahasiswa kedokteran gigi. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan studi observasional deskriptif dengan jumlah sampel 30 pasien di Departemen Prostodonsia Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Padjadjaran yang dirawat oleh mahasiswa klinik Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran. Rahang pasien dipindai menggunakan pemindai intraoral digital, kemudian besar sudut taper diukur menggunakan CorelDRAW, dengan sudut taper ideal 6–10°. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil: Rerata sudut taper yang terbentuk secara mesiodistal dan bukolingual berturut-turut adalah 25,0° ± 14,5° dan 14,9° ± 12,7°, yang lebih besar daripada nilai sudut taper yang direkomendasikan. Simpulan: Preparasi porcelain-fused-to-metal yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa klinik tidak mencapai nilai sudut taper ideal. Mahasiswa kedokteran gigi direkomendasikan untuk dilatih melalui pengalaman klinis langsung guna mengevaluasi performa dan hasil preparasi gigi mereka, sehingga dapat mencapai kualitas perawatan gigi yang tinggi bagi pasien, baik dengan metode konvensional (gigi asli pasca-ekstraksi) maupun metode digital (simulator kedokteran gigi, augmented reality). KATA KUNCI: restorasi mahkota porcelain-fused-to-metal, sudut taper, preparasi gigi.
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Correlation between dental radiology knowledge and the ability to interpret panoramic radiographs among dental students: Study cross-sectional
ABSTRACT Introduction: Knowledge is the result of human curiosity, and in dental education, students are required to understand the fundamentals of dental radiology. Panoramic radiography, as one of the most frequently used imaging modalities, plays an important role in supporting diagnosis; however, a limited understanding of basic dental radiology concepts often complicates the interpretation process. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the level of dental radiology knowledge and the ability to interpret panoramic radiographs among preclinical dental students. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design using a questionnaire. A total sampling technique was applied, involving 146 students from the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Mulawarman. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Spearman’s rho correlation test. The variables assessed were dental radiology knowledge and panoramic radiograph interpretation ability. Results: The findings indicated that 49.3% of students had good dental radiology knowledge, 41.8% had good ability in interpreting panoramic radiographs, and 39.0% were good in both variables. Correlation analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between dental radiology knowledge and the interpretation of panoramic radiographs (Sig. [2-tailed] = 0.001). Conclusions: There is a significant correlation between dental radiology knowledge and the ability to interpret panoramic radiographs among dental students at Universitas Mulawarman. KEY WORDS: knowledge, dental radiology, interpretation, panoramic radiograph, students Korelasi pengetahuan dental radiologi dengan kemampuan interpretasi radiograf panoramik pada mahasiswa kedokteran gigi: Studi cross-sectional ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Pengetahuan merupakan hasil dari rasa ingin tahu manusia dan dalam pendidikan kedokteran gigi mahasiswa diharuskan memahami dasar dental radiologi. Radiograf panoramik sebagai modalitas yang sering digunakan memiliki peran penting dalam menunjang diagnosis, namun keterbatasan pemahaman konsep dasar dental radiologi sering menyulitkan proses interpretasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi antara tingkat pengetahuan dental radiologi dengan kemampuan interpretasi radiograf panoramik pada mahasiswa pra-klinik kedokteran gigi. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Penelitian menggunakan teknik total sampling dengan jumlah 146 mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Mulawarman. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi spearman’rho. Variabel yang diamati adalah pengetahuan dental radiologi dan interpretasi radiograf panoramik. Hasil: Pengetahuan dental radiologi mahasiswa sebesar 49,3% baik, 41,8% baik dalam menginterpretasi radiograf panoramik, dan 39,0% baik pada keduanya. Uji korelasi antara tingkat pengetahuan dental radiologi dan interpretasi radiograf panoramik menghasilkan nilai Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0.001. Simpulan: Mayoritas mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan dental radiologi dan interpretasi radiograf panoramik yang baik serta terdapat korelasi antara tingkat pengetahuan dental radiologi dengan interpretasi radiograf panoramik pada mahasiswa. KATA KUNCI: pengetahuan, dental radiologi, interpretasi, radiograf panoramik, mahasiswa
Oral health literacy improvement among adolescents and toddlers and early detection of toddler oral health as baseline data for empowerment: Study cross-sectional
ABSTRACT Introduction: Community empowerment is essential in Indonesia due to the limited number of health professionals, their uneven distribution, and the low level of oral health literacy in the population. Empowerment efforts should reach all population groups and align with the Healthy Indonesia 2030 agenda, which emphasizes preventive and promotive services within a continuum of care framework. The aim of this study is to evaluate the improvement of oral health literacy through various empowerment strategies among adolescents, and to conduct early detection of oral health conditions in toddlers as baseline data for empowerment initiatives. Methods: This study used an experimental pretest and posttest design with four community empowerment approaches, including oral health literacy improvement through crossword puzzles and HELD-14 based playing cards, education on cariogenic foods for adolescents and toddlers, early detection of oral health conditions in toddlers, and a 21 day good oral health habit counseling program combined with dental screening for toddlers. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria were willingness to participate, ability to read and write, and absence of hearing or speech impairments. Exclusion criteria included absence during the intervention activities and incomplete questionnaire responses or dental examinations. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro Wilk and Kolmogorov Smirnov tests for normality, followed by independent t tests and Mann Whitney tests. Results: Empowerment interventions among adolescent communities using crossword puzzles, HELD-14 based playing cards, education on cariogenic foods, and the 21 day good habit counseling program demonstrated a significant improvement in oral health literacy. Early detection results showed a significant difference in oral health status among toddlers between males and females. Conclusion: Significant differences were observed between pretest and posttest results across the four community empowerment approaches. KEY WORDS: empowerment, literacy, education, oral health status, continuum of care Peningkatan literasi kesehatan gigi melalui berbagai metode pemberdayaan pada komunitas remaja, balita dan deteksi dini kesehatan gigi anak balita sebagai data dasar pemberdayaan: Studi cross-sectional ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat sangat perlu dilakukan, karena masih terbatasnya tenaga kesehatan di Indonesia dan persebarannya tidak merata serta literasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut di masyarakat masih kurang. Upaya pemberdayaan harus menjangkau segala lapisan masyarakat dan bergerak ke arah Indonesia sehat tahun 2030 yang lebih mengupayakan preventif promotif dalam melakukan pelayanan berbasis continuum of care. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis peningkatan literasi kesehatan gigi melalui berbagai metode pemberdayaan pada komunitas remaja, balita dan deteksi dini kesehatan gigi anak balita sebagai data dasar pemberdayaan. Metode: Pendekatan eksperimen jenis pretest posttest design dengan 4 metode pemberdayaan peningkatan literasi teka-teki silang dan kartu bermain berbasis held 14 dan peningkatan literasi mengenai makanan kariogenik pada remaja dan anak balita dan dan deteksi dini kesehatan gigi pada anak balita, penyuluhan kebiasaan baik 21 hari dan deteksi dini kesehatan gigi anak balita. Jumlah sasaran diperoleh melalui purposive sampling dengan penentuan kriteria inklusi yaitu responden yang mengikuti pemberdayaan, dapat membaca dan menulis serta tidak ada gangguan pendengaran atau bicara. Kriteria ekslusi adalah responden yang tidak hadir pada saat kegiatan, tidak melakukan pengisian kuisioner/pemeriksaan dengan lengkap. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji normalitas shapiro Wilk dan Kolmogorov Smirnov serta uji beda t-test dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Pemberdayaan pada komunitas remaja dengan literasi teka-teki silang dan kartu bermain berbasis held 14, peningkatan literasi mengenai makanan kariogenik dan penyuluhan kebiasaan baik 21 hari menunjukkan peningkatan literasi yang signifikan. Hasil deteksi dini menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan kesehatan gigi anak balita antara laki laki dan perempuan. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan antara hasil pretest dan postest pada ketiga metode pemberdayaan yaitu literasi remaja dan anak balita dan terdapat perbedaan status kesehatan gigi antara laki-laki dan perempuan. KATA KUNCI: pemberdayaan, literasi, edukasi, status Kesehatan gigi, continuum of care
Oral health care value in disadvantage areas of south lampung regency, lampung province: Study Observational
ABSTRACT Introduction: Dental and oral health is one of the parts that must be kept clean, because through these tissues various microorganisms can enter. Oral health care plays an important role in maintaining a person's well-being and quality of life. In some underdeveloped areas such as South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province, efforts to maintain oral health are still a serious problem for the region, so it is necessary to know the value of maintaining oral health in the community. Methods: This research is a descriptive study using a questionnaire survey method. The sampling technique of this study used a simple random sampling method, with a total of 97 adult respondents who had settled in South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province and were willing to be research subjects. This research instrument is a questionnaire with a total of 41 questions that have passed the validity and reliability tests. Results: The value of oral health maintenance in the good category was 47.3%, the community was in the good category in the dimension of oral health maintenance actions as much as 50.5% and the statement of distance from oral health services which stated that it was close was 10.3%. The low dimensions of the oral health maintenance value variable are due to factors of education level and socio-economic conditions and which play a role in the community of disadvantaged areas of South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province regarding the importance of oral health maintenance, as well as the absence of affordable and easily accessible health facilities for the community. Conclusion: The value of maintaining oral health of the people of South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province obtained a value of 36.03%, and fell into the low category. KEYWORDS: Oral health, health knowledge, attitudes, practice, dental care, health services accessibility, public health Nilai pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada masyarakat daerah tertinggal kabupaten lampung selatan, provinsi lampung: Studi observasional ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Kesehatan Gigi dan mulut harus dipertahankan tingkat kebersihannya, karena melalui jaringan ini berbagai macam mikroorganisme dapat masuk ke dalam tubuh. Perawatan kebersihan gigi dan mulut berperan penting dalam menjaga kesejahteraan dan kualitas hidup seseorang. Beberapa wilayah tertinggal seperti Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Provinsi Lampung, upaya dalam menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada masyarakat Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Metode: penelitian deskriptif dengan metode survei kuisioner dan metode simple random sampling, dengan responden sejumlah 97 orang dewasa yang telah menetap di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan dan bersedia sebagai subjek penelitian. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner dengan total 41 butir pertanyaan yang telah melewati uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Hasil: Nilai manfaat pengetahuan pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut kategori rendah 47,03%, masyarakat dalam kategori rendah pada dimensi tindakan pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut 50,5% dan pernyataan jarak pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang menyatakan dekat 10,3%. Rendahnya dimensi pada variabel nilai pemeliharan kesehatan gigi dan mulut tersebut dikarenakan faktor tingkat pendidikan, kondisi sosial ekonomi, tidak adanya fasilitas kesehatan yang terjangkau dan mudah diakses bagi masyarakat. Simpulan: Nilai pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut masyarakat Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Provinsi Lampung sebesar 36,03%, dan masuk kedalam kategori rendah. KATA KUNCI: Kesehatan gigi dan mulut, pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik kesehatan, pelayanan perawatan gigi, aksesibilitas pelayanan kesehatan, kesehatan masyarakat
The relationship between religiosity and oral health status as well as oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL): Scoping review
ABSTRACT Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) reported in 2022 that approximately 3.5 billion people worldwide suffer from oral diseases. Poor oral health not only leads to clinical problems but also results in social disadvantages and reduced quality of life. In health epidemiology, religion is considered a social determinant of health. Higher levels of religiosity are believed to contribute to better oral health through social support and psychological well-being. Religiosity functions as a psychosocial determinant of health that enhances emotional stability and preventive behaviors. Therefore, examining the relationship between religiosity and oral health status, as well as oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), is important as a basis for developing promotive and preventive interventions based on a bio-psycho-social-spiritual approach. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, and SpringerLink using the keywords “belief,” “religion,” “religiosity,” “oral health,” “quality of life,” and “oral health-related quality of life”. Manual searching was performed through the reference lists of relevant articles. This study employed a scoping review method based on the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. Results: Five publications met the inclusion criteria. Three studies demonstrated a positive relationship between religiosity and OHRQoL, indicating better oral health status and lower mean DMFT scores. Two other studies reported negative associations: individuals without religious affiliation had better OHRQoL, and the prevalence of dental diseases among clergy and monastic communities was higher than that of the local population. Conclusion: Religiosity is associated with oral health status and OHRQoL, acting both as a protective and a risk factor. These findings emphasize the importance of considering spiritual aspects in planning community oral health programs. Practical implications include the integration of faith-based oral health education, behavioral counseling, and collaboration between health professionals and religious leaders. KEYWORDS: Religiosity, oral health status, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) Hubungan antara religiusitas dan status kesehatan oral serta oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL): Scoping review ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Laporan World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2022 menyebutkan sekitar 3,5 miliar penduduk dunia mengalami penyakit gigi dan mulut. Kondisi kesehatan rongga mulut yang buruk tidak hanya berdampak klinis, tetapi juga menimbulkan kerugian sosial dan menurunkan kualitas hidup. Dalam epidemiologi kesehatan, agama dipandang sebagai determinan sosial kesehatan. Tingkat religiusitas yang tinggi diduga berkontribusi pada kesehatan oral melalui dukungan sosial dan kesejahteraan psikologis. Religiusitas berperan sebagai penentu kesehatan psiko-sosial yang meningkatkan stabilitas emosional dan perilaku preventif. Kajian hubungan religiusitas pemeluk agama dengan status kesehatan oral dan oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) diperlukan sebagai dasar pengembangan intervensi promotif dan preventif berbasis pendekatan bio-psiko-sosial-spiritual. Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, dan SpringerLink menggunakan kata kunci belief, religious, religions, oral health, life quality, dan oral health related quality of life. Penelusuran manual dilakukan melalui daftar referensi artikel relevan. Penelitian menggunakan metode scoping review menurut Arksey dan O’Malley. Hasil: Diperoleh lima publikasi yang memenuhi kriteria. Tiga penelitian menunjukkan hubungan positif antara religiusitas dengan OHRQoL, status kesehatan mulut lebih baik, serta rerata DMFT lebih rendah. Dua penelitian lainnya menunjukkan hubungan negatif: individu tanpa afiliasi agama memiliki OHRQoL lebih baik, dan prevalensi penyakit gigi pada komunitas pendeta dan biarawan lebih tinggi dibandingkan penduduk lokal. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara religiusitas dan status kesehatan oral serta (OHRQoL) sebagai faktor protektif dan faktor resiko. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya mempertimbangkan aspek spiritual dalam perencanaan program kesehatan gigi masyarakat. Implikasi praktis mencakup integrasi edukasi kesehatan mulut berbasis komunitas keagamaan, konseling perilaku, serta kolaborasi antara tenaga kesehatan dan pemuka agama. KATA KUNCI: religiusitas, status kesehatan oral, kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan oral (OHRQoL)
The success rate of dental implant placement using sinus lift vertical approach technique without bone grafting: Scoping review
ABSTRACT Introduction: Dental implants are a treatment aimed at restoring the function and aesthetics of teeth in the oral cavity. They must have stable integrity in the local bone where they are placed. Sinus lift vertical approach without bone graft is a procedure that can be used to place dental implants in cases of maxillary atrophy. The objective is to map the available evidence regarding the success of dental implant placement using the sinus lift vertical approach without bone graft. Methods: This study was conducted using a scoping review method in accordance with PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analytic for Scoping Review) based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles were obtained from three databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane focusing on randomized controlled/clinical trial (RCT) study designs published between 2014 and 2023. The analyzed data included the year of publication, study design, number of patients, patient characteristics, implant length, follow-up duration, lifting technique, outcome measurement method, implant survival rate, bone height gain, other success indicators, and complications. Results: Nine articles were included in the review (six two-group RCTs and three three-group RCTs). The results showed a high implant survival rate, ranging from 94.1%-100% and bone height gain up to 4.1 ± 1.0 mm. Reported complications included mucositis and perforation of the mucous membrane. Conclusion: The sinus lift vertical approach without bone graft can be a valid technique and provides good results for dental implant placement in atrophic maxillary conditions requiring bone height gain of less than 4 mm. KEYWORDS: dental implants, sinus lift vertical approach, bone grafting, bone height gain, implant survival Tingkat keberhasilan pemasangan implan gigi dengan teknik sinus lift vertical approach tanpa menggunakan bone graft: Scoping review ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Implan gigi merupakan perawatan yang berfungsi untuk mengembalikan fungsi dan estetik gigi di dalam rongga mulut. Implan gigi harus memiliki integritas yang stabil pada tulang lokal tempat implan gigi dipasang. Sinus lift vertical approach tanpa menggunakan bone graft merupakan salah satu prosedur yang dapat digunakan untuk memasang implan gigi pada kasus atrofi maksila. Tujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat keberhasilan pemasangan implan gigi dengan teknik sinus lift vertical approach tanpa menggunakan bone graft. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode scoping review sesuai dengan PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analytic for Scoping Review) berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan. Artikel berasal dari tiga database, yaitu PubMed, Scopus, dan Cochrane dengan desain penelitian randomized controlled/clinical trial (RCT) yang terbit dari tahun 2014-2023. Data yang dianalisis berupa tahun publikasi, desain penelitian, jumlah pasien, karakteristik pasien, panjang implan, durasi follow-up, teknik lifting, metode pengukuran hasil, implant survival rate, bone height gain, indikator keberhasilan lainnya, dan komplikasi. Hasil: Sembilan artikel dimasukkan setelah analisis, terdiri dari 6 artikel RCT two groups dan 3 artikel RCT three groups. Artikel yang ditinjau melaporkan implan gigi yang dipasang menggunakan teknik sinus lift vertical approach tanpa menggunakan bone graft dapat memberikan hasil bone height gain mencapai 4,1 ± 1,0 mm dan implant survival rate berkisar antara 94,1-100%. Komplikasi yang mungkin terjadi setelah prosedur ini adalah mukositis dan perforasi membran mukosa. Simpulan: Sinus lifting vertical approach tanpa menggunakan bone graft dapat menjadi teknik yang valid dan memberikan hasil yang baik untuk pemasangan implan gigi pada kondisi atrofi maksila yang memerlukan penambahan tulang tidak lebih dari 4 mm. KATA KUNCI: implan gigi, elevasi membrane sinus, cangkok tulang, pertambahan tinggi tulang, kelangsungan hidup implant
The correlation between maternal education level and dental caries status among primary school students in West Jakarta:Study observational
ABSTRACT Introduction: Oral health remains a public health concern in Indonesia, with dental caries being the most prevalent condition. The 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) reported high caries prevalence among school-aged children, reaching 92.6% in children aged 5–9 years and 73.4% in those aged 10–14 years. The role of parents, particularly mothers, is crucial in shaping children’s oral hygiene habits. Maternal education level may influence oral health knowledge and practices, as mothers with higher education levels generally provide better care for their children’s teeth. Objective: To analyze the correlation between maternal education level and dental caries status among 4th–6th grade students at SDN Tomang 01, West Jakarta. Methods: This analytical observational study employed a cross-sectional design involving 123 students. Data on maternal education level were collected via questionnaires, and children’s dental caries status was assessed using the DMF-T and def-t indices. Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed using SPSS v30. Results: Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between maternal education level and children’s dental caries status (p < 0.05). The strength of the correlation ranged from moderate to weak, with the DMF-T index showing a moderate negative correlation (r = –0.449) and the def-t index showing a weak negative correlation (r = –0.258). Conclusion: There is a significant negative correlation, ranging from moderate to weak, between maternal education level and dental caries status in school-aged children. Higher maternal education levels are associated with lower dental caries in children. KEY WORDS: dental caries, DMF-T and def-t, primary school students, maternal education level Korelasi tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan status karies gigi siswa sekolah dasar: Studi observasional ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Kesehatan gigi dan mulut masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, dengan karies gigi sebagai penyakit yang paling banyak ditemui. Hasil Riskesdas 2018 menunjukkan prevalensi karies gigi pada anak sekolah lebih tinggi, yaitu 92,6% pada usia 5–9 tahun dan 73,4% pada usia 10–14 tahun. Kondisi ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh peran orang tua terutama ibu dalam membentuk kebiasaan pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi anak. Tingkat pendidikan ibu dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan pemahaman dan praktik kesehatan, sehingga ibu dengan tingkat pendidikan yang lebih baik umumnya lebih mampu menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak. Tujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan status karies gigi siswa kelas 4–6 SDN Tomang 01 Jakarta Barat. Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 123 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan formulir tingkat pendidikan ibu dan pemeriksaan status karies gigi (DMF-T dan def-t) siswa. Dilakukan uji korelasi Spearman menggunakan SPSS v30 untuk melihat korelasi kedua variabel. Hasil: Analisis korelasi Spearman menunjukkan korelasi negatif yang signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan status karies gigi siswa (p < 0,05). Nilai koefisien korelasi yang dihasilkan berada dalam rentang dari kekuatan sedang hingga lemah, dimana indeks DMF-T menunjukkan korelasi negatif dengan kekuatan sedang (r = –0,449) dan indeks def-t menunjukkan korelasi negatif yang lemah (r = –0,258). Simpulan: Tedapat korelasi negatif dengan kekuatan sedang hingga lemah antara tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan status karies gigi siswa, semakin tinggi tingkat pendidikan ibu maka semakin rendah status karies gigi anak. KATA KUNCI: status karies, DMF-T dan def-t, siswa sekolah dasar, tingkat pendidikan
Antibacterial activity test of black betel leaf essential oil against the growth of Streptococcus mutans: Study experimental
ABSTRACT Introduction: The prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia remains relatively high. The main cause is Streptococcus mutans, which can proliferate and has the potential to demineralize the tooth surface. A preventive approach is the use of natural substances with antibacterial properties. One natural material with potential antibacterial activity is the essential oil of black betel leaf (DSH). This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity of black betel leaf essential oil against Streptococcus mutans. Methods: This study employed a true experimental design using the microdilution method. There were three groups: the test group, consisting of black betel leaf essential oil at concentrations of 4%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.125%, 0.0625%, 0.03125%, 0.015625%, 0.0078125%, 0.00390625%, and 0.001953125%; and the positive control group consisting of eugenol; and the negative control group consisting of 10% DMSO. Data were analyzed qualitatively by observing color changes. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of black betel leaf essential oil was 0.5%. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 4%. Columns 1A, 1B and 1C showed no color change, indicating that DSH exhibits antibacterial activity. Conclusions: Black betel leaf essential oil at a concentration of 4% exhibits the best antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. KEYWORDS: antibacterial, essential oil, black betel leaf, Streptococcus mutans Uji aktivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri daun sirih hitam (DSH) terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans: Studi eksperimental ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Persentase karies gigi di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi. Penyebab utamanya berasal dari bakteri Streptococcus mutans yang dapat berkembang biak dan berpotensi dalam merusak permukaan gigi. Upaya yang dapat digunakan untuk mencegah hal tersebut, yaitu bahan alam yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Salah satu bahan alam yang berpotensi sebagai agen antibakteri, yaitu minyak atsiri daun sirih hitam (DSH). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis aktivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri DSH terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Metode: Jenis metode penelitian kualitatif berupa true experimental menggunakan uji mikrodilusi. Terdapat 3 kelompok perlakuan meliputi kelompok uji minyak atsiri DSH dengan 10 konsentrasi, yaitu 4%; 2%; 1%; 0,5%; 0,25%; 0,125%; 0,0625%; 0,03125%; 0,015625%; 0,0078125%; 0,00390625% dan 0,001953125% serta kelompok kontrol positif meliputi eugenol serta kelompok kontrol negatif meliputi DMSO 10%. Analisis data dinilai secara kualitatif dengan mengamati perubahan warna. Hasil: Nilai MIC dari minyak atsiri DSH sebesar 0,5%. Nilai MBC dari minyak atsiri DSH sebesar 4%. Kolom 1A, 1B dan 1C menunjukkan tidak ada perubahan warna yang menandakan DSH bersifat antibakteri. Simpulan: Minyak atsiri DSH konsentrasi 4% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terbaik terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. KATA KUNCI: Antibakteri, minyak atsiri, daun sirih hitam, streptococcus mutans
Correlation between the duration of fixed orthodontic treatment and psychosocial impact among medical and dental students: Study cross-sectional
ABSTRACT Introduction: One of the most common oral health problems is malocclusion. This condition can affect psychosocial well-being. Malocclusion can be managed through fixed orthodontic treatment, which corrects dental irregularities and improves dental aesthetics and the patient’s psychosocial well-being. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the duration of fixed orthodontic treatment and psychosocial impact among medical and dental students. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling. The sample consisted of 68 students who were undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Primary data were collected using the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ). Bivariate analysis was performed using non-parametric statistical tests, namely Spearman’s rho and Mann-Whitney test. Results: A total of 68 participants were included in this study, with 44.1% using fixed orthodontic appliances for < 1 year. The mean psychosocial impact score was 41.26 ± 17.09, which was classified as low. A negative correlation was found between the duration of fixed orthodontic treatment and psychosocial impact among medical and dental students (p=0.001, r=-0.4). Conclusions: The longer the duration of fixed orthodontic treatment, the lower psychosocial impact experienced by patients. KEY WORDS: fixed orthodontic appliances, psychosocial impact, self-confidence, dental aesthetics, students Korelasi durasi perawatan ortodonti cekat terhadap dampak psikososial mahasiswa kedokteran dan kedokteran gigi: Studi cross-sectional ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Salah satu permasalahan kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang paling banyak ditemui adalah maloklusi. Kondisi ini dapat memengaruhi dampak psikososial. Penanganan maloklusi dapat dilakukan melalui perawatan ortodonti cekat yang dapat mengoreksi ketidakteraturan gigi dan sekaligus meningkatkan estetika serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikososial pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi antara durasi perawatan ortodonti cekat terhadap dampak psikososial pada mahasiswa kedokteran dan kedokteran gigi. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan teknik teknik purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 68 mahasiswa yang sedang menjalani perawatan ortodonti cekat. Data primer diperoleh melalui instrumen kuesioner PIDAQ. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji statistik non parametrik berupa Spearman’s rho dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Total 68 sampel, sebanyak 44,1% sedang menggunakan ortodonti cekat selama < 1 tahun, skor rerata dampak psikososial sebesar 41,26 ±17,09 yang termasuk dalam kategori rendah. Terdapat korelasi negatif antara perawatan ortodonti cekat terhadap dampak psikososial pada mahasiswa kedokteran dan kedokteran gigi (p=0,001 r=-0,4) Simpulan: Semakin lama durasi perawatan ortodonti cekat, maka semakin rendah dampak psikososial yang dirasakan. KATA KUNCI: ortodonti cekat, dampak psikososial, kepercayaan diri, estetika gigi, mahasiswa
Clarissa Jilan Sauzan Salmamuntai Suyitno
nalysis of patient service time in the department of pediatric dentistry of Baiturrahmah dental and oral education hospital: Study cross-sectional
ABSTRACT Introduction: Dental and Oral Teaching Hospitals have a dual role as healthcare providers and educational institutions, requiring efficient and high-quality services. Service time is a key indicator of service quality, particularly in pediatric dental care, which involves unique psychological and behavioral characteristics. This study aims to analyze pediatric patient service time and identify factors influencing its duration at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, RSGMP Baiturrahmah Padang. Methods: This study employed a mixed-method design. The quantitative component used a cross-sectional approach with total sampling of 100 pediatric patients, and the data were analyzed descriptively using the variables man, method, material, machine, and money. The qualitative component was conducted through in-depth interviews with 6 key informants selected using purposive sampling, focusing on the duration of service time, and with data analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The average service time was 96.09 minutes per patient, with most services conducted within the 60–120 minutes range. Factors influencing service duration included human resources, methods and workflow, facilities and infrastructure, medical equipment condition, and patient related-factors, particularly children’s behavior. Conclusion: Pediatric dental service time has not yet achieved optimal efficiency. Improvements in service systems, the establishment of standardized service time benchmarks, and enhanced faciity and human resource readiness are needed to improve service efficiency and quality. KEYWORDS: service time, pediatric dentistry, service quality, service efficiency Analisis waktu pelayanan pasien di departemen kedokteran gigi anak rumah sakit gigi dan mulut pendidikan: Studi cross-sectional ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Pendidikan (RSGMP) memiliki peran ganda sebagai institusi pelayanan dan pendidikan, sehingga dituntut memberikan pelayanan yang bermutu dan efisien. Waktu pelayanan merupakan indikator penting mutu pelayanan, khususnya pada kedokteran gigi anak yang memiliki karakteristik psikologis dan perilaku khusus. Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis waktu pelayanan pasien anak dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi lamanya waktu pelayanan di Departemen Kedokteran Gigi Anak (KGA) Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Pendidikan (RSGMP). Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain mix method. Pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan total sampling terhadap 100 pasien anak, dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan variabel man, method, material, machine, money. Pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap 6 informan kunci yang dipilih secara purposive sampling, dengan variabel lama waktu pelayanan, serta dengan analisis tematik. Hasil: Rerata waktu pelayanan pasien anak adalah 96,09 menit per pasien, dengan mayoritas berada pada rentang 60–120 menit. Faktor yang memengaruhi waktu pelayanan meliputi sumber daya manusia, metode dan alur kerja, ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana, kondisi peralatan medis, serta karakteristik pasien anak. Simpulan: Waktu pelayanan di Departemen KGA RSGMP Baiturrahmah Padang belum sepenuhnya efisien. Diperlukan perbaikan sistem pelayanan, penetapan standar waktu pelayanan, serta peningkatan sarana dan kesiapan sumber daya manusia. KATA KUNCI: waktu pelayanan, kedokteran gigi anak, mutu pelayanan, efisiensi pelayanan.
Correlation between dental and oral health knowledge and dental caries status through the HI BOGI application in elementary school children aged 11–12 years: Study cross-sectional
ABSTRACT Introduction: Dental caries is a common disease in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 82.8%. School-aged children, especially elementary school students, generally have relatively low levels of knowledge about dental and oral health. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between dental and oral health knowledge and caries status in children aged 11-12 years in Cimahi City, through the use of the HI BOGI application. Methods: This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design involving 300 public elementary school children aged 11-12 years from 9 selected schools in Cimahi City. The sample was selected using a cluster random sampling technique in three sub-districts, namely Central Cimahi, South Cimahi, and North Cimahi, followed by proportional sampling. Sample size determination was performed using a two-proportion hypothesis test formula based on sample size software, with a minimum of 250 respondents and a target of 290 respondents. Inclusion criteria included students aged 11-12 years who were actively registered and willing to participate, while exclusion criteria included absence during the study, as well as incomplete photo documentation. Data were collected using the HI BOGI application and a Google Form questionnaire, then analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: The level of children's knowledge was in the high category with an average value of 13.55 ± 1.90, while the dental caries status was classified as low with an average DMF-T index value of 2.53 ± 1.80. The Spearman correlation test showed a value of r = -0.60 with p = 0.302, which indicates that there is no significant correlation between the level of knowledge and dental caries status. Conclusion: There is no correlation between oral health knowledge and dental caries status in children aged 11-12 years in Cimahi City based on the use of the HI BOGI application. KEY WORDS: elementary school children, HI BOGI, DMF-T index, dental caries, knowledge Korelasi pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut terhadap status karies gigi melalui aplikasi HI BOGI pada anak SD usia 11-12 tahun: Studi cross-sectional ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Karies gigi merupakan penyakit yang umum di Indonesia, dengan prevalensi mencapai 82,8%. Anak usia sekolah, khususnya siswa sekolah dasar, umumnya masih memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang rendah mengenai kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis korelasi antara pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dengan status karies pada anak usia 11-12 tahun di Kota Cimahi, menggunakan aplikasi HI BOGI. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional yang melibatkan 300 anak Sekolah Dasar Negeri usia 11-12 tahun dari 9 sekolah terpilih di Kota Cimahi. Sampel dipilih menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling pada tiga kecamatan, yaitu Cimahi Tengah, Cimahi Selatan, dan Cimahi Utara, yang dilanjutkan dengan proportional sampling. Penentuan jumlah sampel dilakukan menggunakan rumus uji hipotesis dua proporsi berdasarkan perhitungan software sample size, dengan jumlah minimal 250 responden dan target 290 responden. Kriteria inklusi meliputi siswa usia 11-12 tahun yang terdaftar aktif dan bersedia menjadi responden, sedangkan kriteria eksklusi meliputi ketidakhadiran saat penelitian, dan ketidaklengkapan dokumentasi foto. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan aplikasi HI BOGI dan kuesioner Google Form, kemudian dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil: Tingkat pengetahuan anak berada pada kategori tinggi dengan nilai rerata 13,55 1,9, sedangkan status karies gigi tergolong rendah dengan nilai rerata indeks DMF-T 2,53 1,8. Uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan nilai r=-0,60 dengan p = 0,302, yang mengindikasikan tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan status karies gigi. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat korelasi antara pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan status karies gigi pada anak usia 11-12 tahun di Kota Cimahi melalui penggunaan aplikasi HI BOGI. KATA KUNCI: anak SD, HI BOGI, indeks DMF-T, karies gigi, pengetahuan
Formulation and evaluation of a mouth spray preparation using lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil: Study experimental
ABSTRACT Introduction: Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gingival tissue commonly caused by the accumulation of bacterial plaque and remains a major oral health problem with a high prevalence. Long-term use of synthetic antiseptics such as chlorhexidine may cause adverse effects; therefore, safer natural alternatives are needed. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities that support its development as an active ingredient in oral care preparations. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physicochemical quality and stability of a mouth spray preparation containing lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil as a potential alternative for the management of gingivitis. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory study with a descriptive design. Lemongrass essential oil mouth spray preparations were formulated at two concentrations, 0.25% and 0.5%. The evaluation focused on the quality of the preparation, including organoleptic testing, pH measurement, viscosity testing, hedonic testing, and stability testing over four weeks of storage at room temperature (25 ± 2°C). Results: Both formulations were liquid and homogeneous. The 0.25% formulation had a pH below the ideal oral pH range (6–7), whereas the 0.5% formulation met the oral pH range. The viscosity values of both formulations were close to that of water (±1 cP). Organoleptically, the 0.25% formulation exhibited a clearer appearance and milder aroma, while the 0.5% formulation was more preferred by panelists in terms of taste. Both preparations showed good stability over four weeks of storage without significant physical changes. Conclusion: Lemongrass essential oil mouth spray preparations met the quality parameters and remained stable during storage. The 0.5% formulation represents the optimal formulation and may be considered for further development as a preparation for the management of gingivitis. KEY WORDS: gingivitis, mouth spray, lemongrass essential oil, cymbopogon citratus, formulation evaluation Formulasi dan evaluasi sediaan mouth spray minyak atsiri daun sereh (Cymbopogon citratus) untuk kandidat terapi gingivitis: Studi eksperimental ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Gingivitis merupakan peradangan jaringan gingiva yang umumnya disebabkan oleh akumulasi plak bakteri dan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan prevalensi tinggi. Penggunaan antiseptik sintetis seperti klorheksidin dalam jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan efek samping, sehingga diperlukan alternatif berbahan alami yang lebih aman. Minyak atsiri daun sereh (Cymbopogon citratus) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan antiinflamasi yang mendukung pengembangannya sebagai bahan aktif sediaan perawatan rongga mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan dan mengevaluasi mutu serta stabilitas sediaan mouth spray yang mengandung minyak atsiri daun sereh sebagai alternatif penanganan gingivitis. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sediaan mouth spray minyak atsiri daun sereh diformulasikan dalam dua konsentrasi, yaitu 0,25% dan 0,5%. Evaluasi diarahkan pada mutu sediaan, meliputi uji organoleptik, pengukuran pH, uji viskositas, uji hedonik, serta uji stabilitas selama empat minggu penyimpanan pada suhu ruang (25±2°C). Hasil: Kedua formulasi berbentuk cair dan homogen. Formulasi 0,25% memiliki pH di bawah rentang ideal rongga mulut (6–7), sedangkan formulasi 0,5% memenuhi standar pH rongga mulut. Nilai viskositas kedua formulasi mendekati viskositas air (±1 cP). Secara organoleptik, formulasi 0,25% memiliki warna lebih jernih dan aroma lebih ringan, sedangkan formulasi 0,5% lebih disukai panelis dari segi rasa. Kedua sediaan menunjukkan stabilitas yang baik selama empat minggu penyimpanan tanpa perubahan fisik yang signifikan. Simpulan: Sediaan mouth spray minyak atsiri daun sereh memenuhi parameter mutu sediaan dan stabil selama penyimpanan. Formulasi dengan konsentrasi 0,5% merupakan formulasi terbaik dan berpotensi dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai sediaan untuk penanganan gingivitis. KATA KUNCI: gingivitis, mouth spray, minyak atsiri daun sereh, cymbopogon citratus, evaluasi sediaan.
Profil fitokimia eco enzyme berbahan dasar kulit nanas (Ananas comosus) dan daya antibakteri terhadap Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356: Studi eksperimental
(1) Pendahuluan: Prevalensi karies gigi, suatu penyakit mulut dan gigi, sangat tinggi di Indonesia. Kerusakan pada jaringan keras gigi, yang dipicu oleh aktivitas mikroba rongga mulut seperti Lactobacillus acidophilus, merupakan penyebab kondisi ini. Meskipun telah dikembangkan beberapa strategi pencegahan karies, sebagian besar masih bergantung pada bahan kimia, yang dapat menimbulkan risiko kesehatan jangka panjang karena kemungkinan efek sampingnya. Kulit nanas (Ananas comosus) memiliki sejumlah senyawa bioaktif yang dapat yang bertindak sebagai antibakteri alami. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah kandungan kulit nanas dapat menekan atau membunuh strain Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356. (2) Metode: Penelitian ini mencakup penggunaan eksperimen laboratorium in vitro. Kelompok kontrol positif meliputi klorheksidin, sedangkan kelompok kontrol negatif berisi air suling; kelompok perlakuan meliputi eco enzyme kulit nanas pada dosis 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,12%, dan 0,78%. Zona Inhibisi (ZOI), Konsentrasi Bakterisida Minimum (MBC), dan Konsentrasi Inhibisi Minimum (MIC) ditentukan dengan melakukan uji fitokimia dan antibakteri. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis. (3) Hasil: Enzim yang diisolasi dari kulit nanas memiliki sifat antibakteri karena adanya flavonoid, saponin, tanin, fenolik, alkaloid, steroid, antrakuinon, glukosa, dan terpenoid. Pada dosis 100%, uji ZOI menunjukkan diameter zona inhibisi yang kuat sebesar 15,51 mm. Pada konsentrasi 3,12%, nilai MIC tercapai, dan pada 6,25%, MBC ditentukan. (4) Simpulan: Eco enzyme kulit nanas (Ananas comosus) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dalam menghambat dan membunuh Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, sehingga berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen antibakteri alami untuk pencegahan karies.
The relationship between blood type and the incidence of caries influenced by saliva ph in dental students: Study cross-sectional
ABSTRACT Introduction: Caries is a chronic disease of the oral cavity characterized by demineralization of dental tissue and damage to the organic components of teeth, resulting in tooth decay. Environmental factors such as dental plaque, diet, and oral hygiene are considered the main etiological factors, so most studies focus on these factors. However, genetic factors such as blood type are thought to play a role in an individual's susceptibility to dental caries. This study aims to determine the relationship between blood type and the incidence of caries influenced by saliva pH Methods: This quantitative study used an analytical survey approach with a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted at Baiturrahmah University, Padang, from November to December 2025, involving 160 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected from blood type records and clinical examinations of dental caries and salivary pH. Univariate analysis was presented in the form of frequency and percentage distributions, while bivariate analysis used the chi-square test and logistic regression. Data processing was performed using the IBM SPSS version 26.0 software. Results: Blood type B has the highest percentage of DMF-T seen from the very high category (17.9%) compared to other blood types. In addition, blood type O has the highest percentage of neutral salivary pH (95.3%). Conclusion: There is a relationship between blood type and saliva pH, there is a relationship between blood type and the incidence of caries, and the most influential factor on the incidence of caries in dental students at Baiturrahmah University is saliva pH. KEY WORDS: caries incidence, blood type, salivary pH, dental students, cross-sectional study Hubungan golongan darah terhadap kejadian karies yang dipengaruhi pH saliva pada mahasiswa pendidikan dokter gigi: Studi cross-sectional ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Karies merupakan penyakit kronis pada rongga mulut yang ditandai dengan demineralisasi jaringan gigi serta kerusakan komponen organik gigi, sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan pada gigi. Faktor lingkungan seperti plak gigi, diet, dan kebersihan mulut dianggap sebagai faktor etiologi utama, sehingga sebagian besar penelitian lebih banyak berfokus pada faktor-faktor tersebut. Namun, faktor genetik seperti golongan darah diduga berperan dalam kerentanan individu terhadap karies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan golongan darah terhadap kejadian karies yang dipengaruhi ph saliva. Tujuan umum pada penelitian ini yaitu bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan golongan darah terhadap kejadian karies yang dipengaruhi ph saliva pada mahasiswa pendidikan dokter gigi universitas baiturrahmah padang. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis hubungan antara golongan darah terhadap saliva dan Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara saliva terhadap karies. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis survei analitik menggunakan desain cross sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Universitas Baiturrahmah Padang pada bulan November–Desember 2025 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 160 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pendataan golongan darah serta pemeriksaan karies gigi dan pH saliva. Analisis univariat disajikan dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi dan persentase, sedangkan analisis bivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Golongan darah B memiliki persentase DMF-T tertinggi dilihat dari kategori sangat tinggi (17,9%) dibandingkan golongan darah lain. Selain itu, golongan darah O memiliki persentase pH saliva netral tertinggi (95,3%). Simpulan: Adanya hubungan antara golongan darah terhadap pH saliva, terdapat hubungan antara golongan darah terhadap kejadian karies dan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian karies pada mahasiswa pendidikan dokter gigi universitas baiturrahmah adalah pH saliva. KATA KUNCI: kejadian karies, golongan darah, pH saliva, mahasiswa kedokteran gigi, studi cross-sectional
Antibacterial activity test of nipah leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556 on the surface of heat-polymerized acrylic resin: Study experimental
ABSTRACT Introduction: Heat-polymerized acrylic resin denture bases are susceptible to increased Streptococcus sanguinis counts, which can lead to oral health problems. Sodium hypochlorite, commonly used as a denture cleanser, has the potential to damage the physical properties of acrylic resin. Therefore, natural alternatives are needed as a substitute for denture cleaners such as nipah leaf extract (Nypa fruticans wurmb) which has antibacterial bioactive compounds. This study analyzes the antibacterial activity of nipa palm leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556 on the surface of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Methods: The study used a laboratory experiment, with a post-test only control group design where acrylic resin plates measuring 10 × 10 × 1 mm, which were divided into five treatment groups inoculated with Streptococcus sanguinis were treated with nipah leaf extract with concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, and a control group. Then, bacterial growth was calculated and analyzed using the Least Significant Difference test with a sig value p<0.05. Results: Nipah leaf extract has been proven to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis. A concentration of 10% showed a lower colony count compared to concentrations of 15% and 20%, so under the conditions of this study, a concentration of 10% showed a tendency to provide a better inhibitory effect. Conclusion: Nipah leaf extract inhibits the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis on acrylic resin surfaces. A concentration of 10% showed better inhibitory effect. KEYWORDS: antibacterial activity, nipah leaf extract (Nypa Fruticans Wurmb), Streptococcus sanguinis, heat-cured acrylic resin. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun nipah dalam menghambat pertumbuhan streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556 pada permukaan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas: Studi eksperimental ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Basis gigi tiruan dari resin akrilik polimerisasi panas rentan terhadap peningkatan jumlah Streptococcus sanguinis, yang dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan mulut. Sodium hipoklorit, yang umumnya digunakan sebagai pembersih gigi tiruan, berpotensi merusak sifat fisik resin akrilik. Diperlukan alternatif alami sebagai pengganti pembersih gigi tiruan seperti ekstrak daun nipah (Nypa fruticans wurmb) yang memiliki senyawa bioaktif antibakteri. Penelitian ini menganalisis aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun nipah dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556 pada permukaan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan eksperimental laboratorium, dengan post test only control group design dimana plat resin akrilik berukuran 10 × 10 × 1 mm yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok perlakuan yang diinokulasi Streptococcus sanguinis diberi perlakuan ekstrak daun nipah dengan konsentrasi 10%, 15%, 20%, dan kelompok kontrol. Selanjutnya pertumbuhan bakteri dihitung dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Least Significant Different dengan nilai p<0,05. Hasil: Ekstrak daun nipah menurunkan pertumbuhan Streptococcus sanguinis. Konsentrasi 10% menghasilkan jumlah koloni lebih rendah daripada 15% dan 20%, menunjukkan efek penghambatan yang lebih baik pada kondisi penelitian ini. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun nipah menghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus sanguinis pada permukaan resin akrilik. Konsentrasi 10% memberikan daya hambat terbaik. KATA KUNCI: aktivitas antibakteri, ekstrak daun nipah, Streptococcus sanguinis, resin akrilik polimerisasi panas.