Email this article 
Adoption and use of SATO pan for health promotion in Kigali, Rwanda
Abstract
Background: The lack of proper sanitation facilities, including toilets, creates a barrier to fulfilling sanitation needs. Rwanda also experiences challenges in sanitation whereby many citizens use traditional toilets. With its innovative design, the SATO Pan toilet has the potential to address the sanitation challenges many communities face. Few studies on SATO Pans have been conducted in some countries. However, among reviewed studies, no research has been identified in Rwanda as the milestone demonstrating the efficiency and quality of the SATO Pan, its impact on sanitation issues, and contribution to improving sanitation and promoting health practices in Kigali City. Purpose: This research aimed to explore the potential factors for the widespread adoption and use of the SATO Pan toilet and to provide a comprehensive analysis of its efficiency and easy use among Rwanda communities in the City of Kigali. Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire, and 109 respondents were selected based on a purposive sampling technique. The UTAUT 2 Model was used to assess its efficiency and ease of use. The Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEMM) method was used for data analysis with the SmartPLS 3. Results: The findings demonstrated that, among the hypotheses tested, Behavioural Intention influences Usage Behaviour, Effort Expectancy significantly influences Behavioural Intention, and Habit significantly influences Behavioural Intention. Conclusion: SATO Pan can considerably improve community sanitation and promote health initiatives through innovative design and use. Implications: The SATO Pan’s adoption and use bring about significant sanitation practices to promote hygiene and health practices. Due to the hygienic and comfortable toilet options, the SATO Pan can often overcome the undesirable effects of traditional open-pit toilets.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ali, J., & Khan, W. (2024). Demographic, social and economic factors affecting the adoption of green toilets among rural households in India. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26(2), 5117–5138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-02927-5
Attuquayefio, S. H. A. (2014). Review of studies with UTAUT as conceptual framework. European Scientific Journal, 10(8), 249–258.
Burton, J., Tidwell, J. B., Chipungu, J., & Aunger, R. (2020). The role of the SaTo TM Pan toilet technologies in advancing progress in the water, sanitation and hygiene (wash) sector. Journal of Science Policy & Governance, June. https://doi.org/10.38126/JSPG160203
Chen, M., Wang, M., Qiao, M., Huang, X., Li, D., Yu, L., Gan, L., Chen, W., Weng, Y., Zhang, J., Yu, B., Liu, J., & Zhang, L. (2024). Determinants influencing health-promoting behaviors in individuals at high risks of stroke: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Public Health, 12(June). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1323277
Cheng, S., Li, Z., Uddin, S. M. N., Mang, H. P., Zhou, X., Zhang, J., Zheng, L., & Zhang, L. (2018). Toilet revolution in China. Journal of Environmental Management, 216, 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.043
Delaire, C., Kisiangani, J., Stuart, K., Antwi-Agyei, P., Khush, R., & Peletz, R. (2022). Can open-defecation free (ODF) communities be sustained? A cross-sectional study in rural Ghana. PLoS ONE, 17(1 January), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261674
Demartoto, A., Zunariyah, S., & Pujihartati, S. H. (2023). Clean and Healthy Public Toilet in Amenities Development in Surakarta Tourist Destinations. Proceedings of the First Australian International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Sydney, Australia, December 20-22, 2022, 899–906. https://doi.org/10.46254/au01.20220202
Dwivedi, Y. K., Rana, N. P., Jeyaraj, A., Clement, M., & Williams, M. D. (2019). Re-examining the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT): Towards a Revised Theoretical Model. Information Systems Frontiers, 21(3), 719–734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-017-9774-y
Ekane, N. (2016). Sanitation Policy and Practice in Rwanda: Tackling the Disconnect. Stockholm Environment Institute, January. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1202.2802
Ekane, N., & Dickin, S. (2019). Implementation challenges for Community Health Clubs in Rwanda October 2019. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2019, 1–8.
Ekane, N., Kjellén, M., Westlund, H., Ntakarutimana, A., & Mwesige, D. (2020). Linking sanitation policy to service delivery in Rwanda and Uganda: From words to action. Development Policy Review, 38(3), 344–365. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12428
Ekane, N., Nykvist, B., Marianne Kjellén, S. N., & Weitz, N. (2014). Multi-level sanitation governance: understanding and overcoming challenges in the sanitation sector in sub-Saharan Africa. Waterlines, 33(3), 242–256. https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2014.024
Etikan, I. (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. (2017). On-site Household Latrine Technology Option Planning, Design, and Construction Manual. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, November.
Hasan, S. F., & Rahman, F. (2021). Re Thinking the Public Toilet of Dhaka City: An Adaptable Prototype Design Solution to Improve the Existing Situation. Creative Space, 9(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.15415/cs.2021.91001
Khan, W. A., & Abideen, Z. U. (2023). Effects of behavioural intention on usage behaviour of digital wallet: the mediating role of perceived risk and moderating role of perceived service quality and perceived trust. Future Business Journal, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-023-00242-z
Kranthi, A. K., & Asraar Ahmed, K. A. (2018). Determinants of smartwatch adoption among IT professionals – An extended UTAUT2 model for smartwatch enterprise. International Journal of Enterprise Network Management, 9(3–4), 294–316. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJENM.2018.094669
Kwee, V., Istijanto, I., & Widjojo, H. (2022). Understanding the Determinants of m-Health Adoption in Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Teori Dan Terapan | Journal of Theory and Applied Management, 15(3), 408–422. https://doi.org/10.20473/jmtt.v15i3.40142
Lee, S. E., Yang, H., & Lee, Y. (2013). The Influence of Technological and Symbolic Innovation on New Product Adoption in a Social Context. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 42(2), 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcsr.12048
Leong, C. (2020). Narratives of sanitation: Motivating toilet use in India. Geoforum, 111(October 2019), 24–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.10.001
Leow, L. P., Phua, L. K., & Teh, S. Y. (2021). Extending the social influence factor: behavioural intention to increase the usage of information and communication technology-enhanced student-centered teaching methods. Educational Technology Research and Development, 69(3), 1853–1879. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-021-10017-4
Maruping L.M., Bala H., Venkatesh V., Brown, S. A. (2016). Going beyond intention: Integrating behavioral expectation into the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi
Michael, B., Poor, K., & Sheet, U. N. F. (2018). Sanitation crisis in developing nations. 1–13.
Muhinde, J. (2021). Safe-Toilets, a panacea to rural sanitation and open defecation problems. September 2021, 1–17. https://rwandadispatch.com/safe-toilets-a-panacea-to-rural-sanitation-and-open-defecation-problems/
Musa, H., Bashir, U. M. and, & Kyari, M. H. (2022). Evaluation of health, religious factors, and modern technologies in public toilets during hajj. African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research, 5(2), 66–85. https://doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-krrnofjm
Mutuku, D., Id, M., Were, V., Olewe, J., & Mbuvi, J. (2021). Willingness to pay for improvements in rural sanitation : Evidence from a cross-sectional survey of three rural counties in Kenya. PLoS ONE, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248223
Nutbeam, D., & Muscat, D. M. (2021). Health promotion glossary 2021. Health Promotion International, 36(6), 1578–1598. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daaa157
Oliveira, T., Faria, M., Thomas, M. A., & Popovič, A. (2014). Extending the understanding of mobile banking adoption: When UTAUT meets TTF and ITM. International Journal of Information Management, 34(5), 689–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2014.06.004
Perdana, M. P., & Abidin, Z. (2024). Examination of the factors impacting the interest of residents in Semarang City in mobile health applications: An UTAUT analysis. Scientific Journal of Informatics, 11(1), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.15294/sji.v11i1.48130
Person, M., Vigar, M., Trinies, V., & Quick, R. (2019). Evaluation of water, sanitation, hygiene and environmental conditions in 40 healthcare facilities in kabarole district, Uganda. May, 38.
Prüss-Ustün, A., Wolf, J., Bartram, J., Clasen, T., Cumming, O., Freeman, M. C., Gordon, B., Hunter, P. R., Medlicott, K., & Johnston, R. (2019). Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene for selected adverse health outcomes: An updated analysis with a focus on low- and middle-income countries. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 222(5), 765–777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.05.004
Republic of Rwanda & Water and Sanitation Program. (2012). Economic impacts of poor sanitation in Africa. Republic of Rwanda, 026(March), 1–6.
Routray, P., Schmidt, W. P., Boisson, S., Clasen, T., & Jenkins, M. W. (2015). Socio-cultural and behavioural factors constraining latrine adoption in rural coastal Odisha: An exploratory qualitative study Global health. BMC Public Health, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2206-3
Setyaningrum, N., & Setyowati, M. S. (2018). An analysis of tax knowledge base system usage behaviour at KPP Madya South Jakarta i. E3S Web of Conferences, 74, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187401009
Sidjabat, F. M., & Gunawan, M. (2020). Evaluation of community-based sanitation program implementation in central and east java. Al-Ard: Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 5(2), 62–69. https://doi.org/10.29080/alard.v5i2.849
Smit, C. R., Bevelander, K. E., de Leeuw, R. N. H., & Buijzen, M. (2022). Motivating social influencers to engage in health behavior interventions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(July), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.885688
The Republic of Rwanda, W. and S. P. (2012). Economic impacts of poor sanitation in Africa: Rwanda loses RWF32 billion annually due to poor sanitation (Vol. 06, Issue March). https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/fr/145981468107939812/f/717920BRI0Box30BLIC00WSP0ESI0Rwanda.pdf
UNICEF & WHO. (2020a). State of the World’s Sanitation: An urgent call to transform sanitation for better health, environments, economies and societies. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF).
UNICEF & WHO. (2020b). State of the World’s Sanitation: An urgent call to transform sanitation for better health, environments, economies and societies. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization, 2020. (Issue March). https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789240014473
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G.B., and Davis, D. F. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/http://www.jstor.org/stable/30036540
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y. L. and Xin, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: Extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 157–178. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/41410412
Xu, L., Mehta, R., & Herd, K. B. (2019). Look at me! or don’t...: How mere social presence impacts innovation adoption. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 4(3), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1086/703565
Zuin, V., Delaire, C., Peletz, R., Cock-Esteb, A., Khush, R., & Albert, J. (2019). Policy diffusion in the rural sanitation sector: lessons from community-led total sanitation (CLTS). World Development, 124, 104643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104643
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/prh.v9i1.54998
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rutambuka Theogene, Kunto Adi Wibowo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
PRofesi Humas Indexed by:
Editorial Office of PRofesi Humas:
Faculty of Communication Science, Universitas Padjadjaran
Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21 Jatinangor, Sumedang, Indonesia 45363
WA: +6282316731181 (Chat Only)
Telephone: +62227796954
Faxmile: +62227794122
Email: jurnal.profesihumas.fikom@unpad.ac.id
PRofesi Humas Supervised by:
