“DEMO MAHASISWA SUDAH KELEWAT BATAS”: PENGARUH PEMBERITAAN MEDIA DAN PERSEPSI PUBLIK TERHADAP KETAHANAN SOSIAL-BUDAYA DI KOTA MAKASSAR

Mochammad Nurdi Iriansyah

Abstrak


Sulawesi Selatan menjadi daerah dengan jumlah demonstrasi terbanyak di Indonesia pada tahun 2024, yang sebagian besar di antaranya merupakan gerakan mahasiswa di Kota Makassar. Kendati hal itu dapat dilihat sebagai sikap kritis dan ekspresi kebebasan mahasiswa, aksi unjuk rasa tersebut sering kali diwarnai perilaku-perilaku agresif dan kontra-normatif, membuat banyak anggota masyarakat menentang gerakan mahasiswa alih-alih mendukungnya. Penelitian ini menerapkan teori agenda-setting untuk menyelidiki bagaimana liputan media dan persepsi publik terkait perilaku agresif mahasiswa selama berunjuk rasa berdampak pada ketahanan sosial-budaya di Kota Makassar. Dengan menggunakan desain metode campuran, yaitu survei kuantitatif (n=200) serta wawancara (n=30) dan observasi kualitatif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa liputan media memiliki pengaruh yang lebih kuat terhadap ketahanan sosial-budaya masyarakat daripada persepsi publik. Analisis regresi linier menunjukkan bahwa liputan media menjelaskan 33,8% dari variasi ketahanan sosial-budaya, sedangkan persepsi publik hanya 2,1%. Ketika kedua variabel tersebut dipertimbangkan secara bersama-sama dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda, efek gabungan keduanya menjelaskan 37,2% dari variasi ketahanan sosial-budaya. Sejalan dengan teori agenda-setting, temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa media bukan hanya mengarahkan perhatian publik secara tidak proporsional kepada aspek konfrontasi dan konflik (misalnya, kerusuhan alih-alih motif protes), tetapi juga membentuk interpretasi masyarakat terhadap peristiwa-peristiwa tersebut. Pembingkaian seperti itu berisiko melemahkan ketahanan sosial-budaya di Kota Makassar dengan memicu kepanikan massa, ketidakpercayaan terhadap aparat keamanan dan institusi sosial-politik yang ada, pembelahan sosial, dan normalisasi aksi-aksi kontra-normatif dalam gerakan sosial di masa mendatang.

 

South Sulawesi has the highest number of demonstrations in Indonesia in 2024, most of which are student movements in Makassar City. While they can be seen as a critical stance and expression of student freedom, the protests are often characterized by aggressive and counter-normative behaviors, leading many members of the public to oppose the student movement instead of supporting it. This study applies agenda-setting theory to investigate how media coverage and public perceptions of aggressive student behavior during protests impact socio-cultural resilience in Makassar City. Using a mixed-methods design, namely a quantitative survey (n=200) as well as interviews (n=30) and qualitative observations, this study found that media coverage has a stronger influence on community socio-cultural resilience than public perception. Linear regression analysis showed that media coverage explained 33.8% of the variation in socio-cultural resilience, while public perception only 2.1%. When the two variables were considered together using multiple linear regression analysis, their combined effect explained 37.2% of the variation in socio-cultural resilience. In line with agenda-setting theory, these findings indicate that the media not only disproportionately direct public attention to aspects of confrontation and conflict (e.g., riots instead of protest motives), but also shape people's interpretations of these events. Such framing risks weakening socio-cultural resilience in Makassar City by triggering mass panic, distrust of security forces and existing socio-political institutions, social division, and normalization of counter-normative actions in future social movements.


Kata Kunci


Pemberitaan Media; Persepsi Publik; Gerakan Mahasiswa; Ketahanan Sosial-Budaya

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


Bagheri, A., & Keykha, M. R. (2016). The Effect of Mass Media on Decreasing the Amount of Delinquency in Children and Juveniles (Case Study: Detention centers of Sistan and Baluchestan Province). Journal of Law and Justice Studies, 1(2), 44–48.

Cipto, H. (2012a, Maret 20). Demo Tolak Kenaikan Harga BBM di Makassar. Kompas.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2012/03/20/12013757/~Regional~Indonesia Timur

Cipto, H. (2012b, Maret 21). Demo di Makassar Rusuh, 1 Mobil Dibakar. Kompas.com. https://olahraga.kompas.com/read/2012/03/21/15442287/~Regional~Indonesia Timur

Cipto, H., & Rusiana, D. A. (2022, September 5). Demo Tolak Kenaikan Harga BBM di Makassar Berakhir Bentrok, Mahasiswa dan Warga Saling Lempar Batu. Kompas.com. https://makassar.kompas.com/read/2022/09/05/205833578/demo-tolak-kenaikan-harga-bbm-di-makassar-berakhir-bentrok-mahasiswa-dan

Copeland, S., Comes, T., Bach, S., Nagenborg, M., Schulte, Y., & Doorn, N. (2020). Measuring social resilience: Trade-offs, challenges and opportunities for indicator models in transforming societies. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 101799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101799

Entman, R. M. (2007). Framing Bias: Media in the Distribution of Power. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00336.x

Feinberg, M., Willer, R., & Kovacheff, C. (2017). Extreme Protest Tactics Reduce Popular Support for Social Movements (SSRN Scholarly Paper 2911177). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2911177

Haveripeth, P. D. (2013). Contributing Factors of Juvenile Delinquency. International Journal of Innovative Research & Development, 2(1), 8–16.

Jubba, H. (2012). Anarkisme Demonstrasi Mahasiswa: Studi Kasus Pada Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan, 3(1), 49–70. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.2012.0004

Keck, M., & Sakdapolrak, P. (2013). What Is Social Resilience? Lessons Learned and Ways Forward. Erdkunde, 67(1), 5–19.

Kligler-Vilenchik, N. (2011). Memory-Setting: Applying Agenda-Setting Theory to the Study of Collective Memory. Dalam M. Neiger, O. Meyers, & E. Zandberg (Ed.), On Media Memory (hlm. 226–237). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230307070_17

Marijan, K., & Fitrianto, H. (2013). Anatomi Kekerasan Mahasiswa di Makassar. JRP (Jurnal Review Politik), 3(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.15642/jrp.2013.3.1.1-27

McCombs, M. (2005). A Look at Agenda-setting: Past, present and future. Journalism Studies, 6(4), 543–557. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700500250438

McCombs, M. E., & Guo, L. (2014). Agenda‐Setting Influence of the Media in the Public Sphere. Dalam R. S. Fortner & P. M. Fackler (Ed.), The Handbook of Media and Mass Communication Theory (1 ed., hlm. 249–268). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118591178.ch14

McCurdy, P. (2012). Social Movements, Protest and Mainstream Media. Sociology Compass, 6(3), 244–255. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2011.00448.x

Muñoz, J., & Anduiza, E. (2019). ‘If a fight starts, watch the crowd’: The effect of violence on popular support for social movements. Journal of Peace Research, 56(4), 485–498. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318820575

Peter, C. (2021). The Will of the People? Effects of Politicians’ Subjective Claims about Public Opinion on Perceived Public Opinion and Evaluative Judgments. Mass Communication and Society, 24(3), 345–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2020.1850797

Proust, V., & Saldaña, M. (2022). Another Violent Protest? New Perspectives to Understand Protest Coverage. Media and Communication, 10(4), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v10i4.5796

Ragas, M. W. (2013). Agenda‐Building and Agenda‐Setting Theory: Which Companies We Think About and How We Think About Them. Dalam C. E. Carroll (Ed.), The Handbook of Communication and Corporate Reputation (1 ed., hlm. 151–165). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118335529.ch15

Ruigrok, N., Van Atteveldt, W., Gagestein, S., & Jacobi, C. (2017). Media and juvenile delinquency: A study into the relationship between journalists, politics, and public. Journalism, 18(7), 907–925. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884916636143

Simpson, B., Willer, R., & Feinberg, M. (2018). Does Violent Protest Backfire? Testing a Theory of Public Reactions to Activist Violence. Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 4, 2378023118803189. https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023118803189

Thomas, E. F., & Louis, W. R. (2014). When Will Collective Action Be Effective? Violent and Non-Violent Protests Differentially Influence Perceptions of Legitimacy and Efficacy Among Sympathizers. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(2), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213510525

Van Der Meer, T. G. L. A., & Hameleers, M. (2022). I Knew It, the World is Falling Apart! Combatting a Confirmatory Negativity Bias in Audiences’ News Selection Through News Media Literacy Interventions. Digital Journalism, 10(3), 473–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.2019074

Wahyudi, I. (2024, Desember 10). Terbanyak di Indonesia, Mahasiswa Makassar Unjuk Rasa 800 Kali Dalam Setahun. Tribuntoraja.com. https://toraja.tribunnews.com/2024/12/10/terbanyak-di-indonesia-mahasiswa-makassar-unjuk-rasa-800-kali-dalam-setahun

Widiansyah, S., & Hamsah, H. (2018). Dampak Perubahan Global terhadap Nilai-nilai Budaya Lokal dan Nasional. Hermeneutika: Jurnal Hermeneutika, 4(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.30870/hermeneutika.v4i1.4822

Young, I. M. (2001). Activist Challenges to Deliberative Democracy. Political Theory, 29(5), 670–690.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/responsive.v8i1.61430

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.


RESPONSIVE: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Administrasi, Sosial, Humaniora Dan Kebijakan Publik telah Terindeks Di:

      
  
 
 
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.