“DEMO MAHASISWA SUDAH KELEWAT BATAS”: PENGARUH PEMBERITAAN MEDIA DAN PERSEPSI PUBLIK TERHADAP KETAHANAN SOSIAL-BUDAYA DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Abstrak
Sulawesi Selatan menjadi daerah dengan jumlah demonstrasi terbanyak di Indonesia pada tahun 2024, yang sebagian besar di antaranya merupakan gerakan mahasiswa di Kota Makassar. Kendati hal itu dapat dilihat sebagai sikap kritis dan ekspresi kebebasan mahasiswa, aksi unjuk rasa tersebut sering kali diwarnai perilaku-perilaku agresif dan kontra-normatif, membuat banyak anggota masyarakat menentang gerakan mahasiswa alih-alih mendukungnya. Penelitian ini menerapkan teori agenda-setting untuk menyelidiki bagaimana liputan media dan persepsi publik terkait perilaku agresif mahasiswa selama berunjuk rasa berdampak pada ketahanan sosial-budaya di Kota Makassar. Dengan menggunakan desain metode campuran, yaitu survei kuantitatif (n=200) serta wawancara (n=30) dan observasi kualitatif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa liputan media memiliki pengaruh yang lebih kuat terhadap ketahanan sosial-budaya masyarakat daripada persepsi publik. Analisis regresi linier menunjukkan bahwa liputan media menjelaskan 33,8% dari variasi ketahanan sosial-budaya, sedangkan persepsi publik hanya 2,1%. Ketika kedua variabel tersebut dipertimbangkan secara bersama-sama dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda, efek gabungan keduanya menjelaskan 37,2% dari variasi ketahanan sosial-budaya. Sejalan dengan teori agenda-setting, temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa media bukan hanya mengarahkan perhatian publik secara tidak proporsional kepada aspek konfrontasi dan konflik (misalnya, kerusuhan alih-alih motif protes), tetapi juga membentuk interpretasi masyarakat terhadap peristiwa-peristiwa tersebut. Pembingkaian seperti itu berisiko melemahkan ketahanan sosial-budaya di Kota Makassar dengan memicu kepanikan massa, ketidakpercayaan terhadap aparat keamanan dan institusi sosial-politik yang ada, pembelahan sosial, dan normalisasi aksi-aksi kontra-normatif dalam gerakan sosial di masa mendatang.
South Sulawesi has the highest number of demonstrations in Indonesia in 2024, most of which are student movements in Makassar City. While they can be seen as a critical stance and expression of student freedom, the protests are often characterized by aggressive and counter-normative behaviors, leading many members of the public to oppose the student movement instead of supporting it. This study applies agenda-setting theory to investigate how media coverage and public perceptions of aggressive student behavior during protests impact socio-cultural resilience in Makassar City. Using a mixed-methods design, namely a quantitative survey (n=200) as well as interviews (n=30) and qualitative observations, this study found that media coverage has a stronger influence on community socio-cultural resilience than public perception. Linear regression analysis showed that media coverage explained 33.8% of the variation in socio-cultural resilience, while public perception only 2.1%. When the two variables were considered together using multiple linear regression analysis, their combined effect explained 37.2% of the variation in socio-cultural resilience. In line with agenda-setting theory, these findings indicate that the media not only disproportionately direct public attention to aspects of confrontation and conflict (e.g., riots instead of protest motives), but also shape people's interpretations of these events. Such framing risks weakening socio-cultural resilience in Makassar City by triggering mass panic, distrust of security forces and existing socio-political institutions, social division, and normalization of counter-normative actions in future social movements.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/responsive.v8i1.61430
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