KEBIJAKAN BERBASIS BUKTI DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PLASTIK DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI: SUATU KAJIAN LITERATUR
Abstrak
Pencemaran sampah plastik di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) mencerminkan kompleksitas tata kelola multisektor dan perlunya pendekatan kebijakan berbasis bukti (EBP). Meskipun EBP diakui semakin penting dalam perumusan kebijakan lingkungan, implementasinya di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia masih menghadapi kendala struktural dan politis. Artikel ini menelaah penerapan EBP dalam kebijakan pengelolaan sampah plastik di DAS melalui studi pustaka dengan analisis tematik terhadap 30 sumber literatur (26 artikel jurnal, 1 laporan pemerintah, 1 laporan non-pemerintah, dan 2 laporan internasional) yang terbit pada periode 2014–2024. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi EBP dihambat oleh ketimpangan produksi pengetahuan, bias seleksi bukti, lemahnya koordinasi lintas sektor, serta politisasi bukti oleh aktor kebijakan. Temuan disintesis dalam empat dimensi utama: produksi, seleksi, integrasi, dan politisasi bukti. Artikel ini berkontribusi secara teoretis terhadap pengembangan studi EBP di sektor lingkungan negara berkembang, serta menawarkan implikasi praktis terkait penguatan sistem data, mekanisme koordinasi, dan pelibatan aktor non-negara dalam proses kebijakan. Kajian ini merekomendasikan pembangunan ekosistem kebijakan yang lebih terbuka, deliberatif, dan adaptif terhadap kompleksitas lingkungan di tingkat lokal.
Plastic waste pollution in river basins reflects the complexity of multisectoral governance and the necessity of an evidence-based policy (EBP) approach. While EBP is increasingly recognized as essential in environmental policymaking, its implementation in developing countries such as Indonesia remains constrained by structural and political challenges. This article examines the application of EBP in plastic waste management policies within river basins through a literature-based study with thematic analysis of 30 sources (26 journal articles, 1 government report, 1 non-governmental report, and 2 international reports) published between 2014 and 2024. The findings reveal that EBP implementation is hindered by disparities in knowledge production, biased evidence selection, weak cross-sectoral coordination, and the politicization of evidence by policy actors. These findings are synthesized into four key dimensions: production, selection, integration, and politicization of evidence. The article contributes theoretically to the development of EBP studies in environmental governance in developing countries and offers practical implications related to strengthening data systems, improving coordination mechanisms, and engaging non-state actors in the policy process. It recommends building a more open, deliberative, and adaptive policy ecosystem responsive to local environmental complexities.
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