SELF VS. OTHER: MEDIA FRAMING JAKARTA POST TERHADAP PENGUNGSI ROHINGYA
Abstrak
Krisis pengungsi Rohingya merupakan salah satu isu kemanusiaan paling kompleks di Asia Tenggara yang memicu perhatian luas dari media massa internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis representasi pengungsi Rohingya dalam liputan daring The Jakarta Post sebagai media berbahasa Inggris di Indonesia dengan audiens global. Analisis ini menggunakan kerangka teoritis Self and Other dari Iver B. Neumann (1996) yang dipadukan dengan metode pendekatan Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) model tiga level Norman Fairclough (1995), mencakup level teks, praktik wacana, dan praktik sosial. Data analisis terdiri dari enam artikel The Jakarta Post periode 2020-2025 yang dipilih secara purposive berdasarkan relevansinya terhadap lonjakan pengungsi Rohingya. Hasil analisis mengungkapkan adanya tiga pola diskursif utama dalam pembingkaian berita. Pertama, Rohingya dikonstruksikan sebagai korban tragedi kemanusiaan melalui narasi trauma dan penderitaan fisik guna membangkitkan empati internasional. Kedua, narasi berkembang menjadi representasi Rohingya sebagai beban dan tantangan keamanan serta sosial-ekonomi bagi Indonesia, yang ditandai dengan munculnya wacana kejenuhan masyarakat lokal dan kriminalisasi melalui isu penyelundupan manusia. Ketiga, krisis ini direpresentasikan sebagai instrumen diplomasi dan politik internasional, di mana media mempertegas posisi Indonesia sebagai aktor kunci dalam forum regional seperti ASEAN dan Bali Process. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa liputan media tidak hanya menempatkan Rohingya sebagai "Other" yang rentan atau bermasalah, tetapi juga secara strategis membangun citra "Self" Indonesia sebagai bangsa yang humanis dan bertanggung jawab, sekaligus negara diplomatik yang pragmatis dalam menegosiasikan kepentingan nasional dan stabilitas regional di panggung global.
The Rohingya refugee crisis represents one of the most complex humanitarian issues in Southeast Asia, garnering extensive attention from international mass media. This study aims to analyze the representation of Rohingya refugees in the online coverage of The Jakarta Post, an Indonesian English-language media outlet with a global audience. The analysis employs Iver B. Neumann’s (1996) theoretical framework of Self and Other, integrated with Norman Fairclough’s (1995) three-level model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), encompassing the levels of text, discourse practice, and social practice. Data of analysis consists of six online articles from The Jakarta Post (2020-2025), selected through purposive sampling based on their relevance to the surge in Rohingya refugees.The findings reveal three primary discursive patterns in the news framing. First, the Rohingya are constructed as absolute victims of a humanitarian tragedy through narratives of trauma and physical suffering designed to evoke international empathy. Second, the narrative evolves into a representation of the Rohingya as a security and socio-economic burden for Indonesia, characterized by the emergence of local social fatigue and the criminalization of the crisis through human trafficking issues. Third, the crisis is represented as an instrument of diplomacy and international politics, where the media reinforces Indonesia’s position as a key actor within regional forums such as ASEAN and the Bali Process. The findings demonstrate that media coverage does not merely position the Rohingya as a vulnerable or problematic "Other", but also strategically constructs Indonesia’s "Self" as a humanist and responsible nation, as well as a pragmatic diplomatic state in negotiating national interests and regional stability on the global stage.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/responsive.v9i1.69286
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