DAMPAK PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA PERDESAAN TERHADAP KEBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN

Aulia Rahmawati, Rudi Saprudin Darwis

Abstrak


Pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor dengan perkembangan yang pesat dan memberikan dampak yang cukup baik bagi ekonomi. Pengembangan sektor pariwisata tidak hanya dilakukan di kota, tetapi juga di desa dengan dikembangkannya pariwisata perdesaan. Meskipun semakin berkembang, penelitian terkait dampak dari pariwisata perdesaan, terutama terhadap perempuan masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan dampak pengembangan pariwisata perdesaan terhadap keberdayaan perempuan dengan fokus pada Desa Ciburial, Kabupaten Bandung, Indonesia. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan teknik deskriptif. Perangkat desa, tokoh masyarakat, perempuan yang bekerja di sektor pariwisata, dan kelompok PKK dipilih sebagai informan secara purposive atau dengan pertimbangan tertentu. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan pariwisata meningkatkan peluang usaha dan pendapatan bagi perempuan, meskipun manfaat ekonomi belum merata. Secara psikologis, perempuan merasa lebih percaya diri dan bangga terhadap potensi wisata daerahnya. Semangat bersosialisasi dan peningkatan kohesivitas sosial menunjukkan bagaimana perempuan berdaya secara sosial. Terlebih lagi, konflik eksternal justru memperkuat solidaritas perempuan. Meskipun perempuan memiliki hak dan kebebasan untuk mengemukakan ide, representasi mereka dalam pemerintahan masih minim, mengindikasikan keberdayaan politik yang belum optimal. Kemudian, teridentifikasinya empat isu gender yang menghambat keberdayaan perempuan menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan pariwisata perdesaan di Desa Ciburial belum bisa memberikan dampak yang optimal terhadap keberdayaan perempuan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan program pelatihan yang disesuaikan dan keterlibatan perempuan dalam semua aspek pengembangan pariwisata.

 

Tourism is one of the fastest-growing sectors and significantly impacts the economy. The development of the tourism sector is not only carried out in cities but also in villages through the development of rural tourism. Despite its growth, research on the impact of rural tourism, especially on women, remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the impact of rural tourism development on women's empowerment, focusing on Ciburial Village, Bandung Regency, Indonesia. A qualitative approach with descriptive techniques was used in this study. Village officials, community leaders, women working in the tourism sector, and PKK groups were selected as informants through purposive sampling. The results show that the development of tourism increases business opportunities and income for women, although economic benefits are not yet evenly distributed. Psychologically, women feel more confident and proud of their region's tourism potential. Increased social cohesion and enthusiasm for socializing indicate how women are socially empowered. Furthermore, external conflicts strengthen women's solidarity. Although women have the right and freedom to express their ideas, their representation in government remains minimal, indicating that political empowerment is not yet optimal. The identification of four gender issues hindering women's empowerment shows that rural tourism development in Ciburial Village has not yet fully optimized its impact on women's empowerment. Therefore, tailored training programs and the involvement of women in all aspects of tourism development are needed.


Kata Kunci


Keberdayaan perempuan, pariwisata, pariwisata perdesaan.

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


Abou-Shouk, M. A., Mannaa, M. T., & Elbaz, A. M. (2021). Women’s empowerment and tourism development: A cross-country study. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37(November 2020), 100782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100782

Amran Hamzah, Z. K. (2015). Handbook on Community Based Tourism “How to Develop and Sustain CBT”, December 2009. In Tourism (Vol. 7, Issue 5). http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2015.1118108

Budywan, J. V. D., Mubarokah, L., Nasrullah, D. M., Pratiwi, R., & Setyawulan, E. S. (2022). Development of Jatirejo Tourism Village Based on Community Based Tourism (CBT) in Efforts to Improve Community Economy. Proceeding of 2nd International Conference on Research and DeveIopment ICORAD, 2(1), 207–211. https://doi.org/10.47841/icorad.v2i1.126

Camargo, B. A., Jamal, T., & Wilson, E. (2016). Tourism Research Paradigms: Critical and Emergent Knowledges. iii. https://doi.org/10.1108/s1571-504320150000022004

Chutia, A. (2022). Women Empowerment And Its Conceptual Perspectives. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(6), 5171–5176. http://journalppw.com

Cikic, J., Jovanovic, T., & Nedeljkovic, M. (2018). Business and/or pleasure - Gender (In)equalities in rural tourism in Vojvodina. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 20(7), 1341–1352.

Dashper, K. (2014). Rural tourism. In Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Figueroa-Domecq, C., & Segovia-Perez, M. (2020). Application of a gender perspective in tourism research: a theoretical and practical approach. Journal of Tourism Analysis, 27(2), 251–270. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTA-02-2019-0009

Gutkevych, S., & Haba, M. (2020). Rural Green Tourism: Current Trends and Development Prospects. Informacijos Mokslai, 89, 116–133. https://doi.org/10.15388/Im.2020.89.44

Juwita, A. R., Rahmafitria, F., & -, R. (2017). Pengaruh Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Pengembangan Desa Wisata Ciburial Kabupaten Bandung. Tourism Scientific Journal, 3(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.32659/tsj.v3i1.32

Kartika, T., Edison, E., & Riana, N. (2022). Strategi Menciptakan Pengalaman Berwisata di Desa Wisata Ciburial. BEMAS: Jurnal Bermasyarakat, 3(1), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.37373/bemas.v3i1.256

Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman dan Investasi Republik Indonesia. (2021). Pedoman Desa Wisata. https://www.ciptadesa.com/2021/06/pedoman-desa-wisata.html

Kemp, S. P. (2001). Environment through a gendered lens: From person-in-environment to woman-in-environment. Affilia - Journal of Women and Social Work, 16(1), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/08861090122094118

Kinnaird, V. (1996). Understanding Tourism Process: A Gender aware Framework. 17(2), 95–102.

Kunjuraman, V., & Hussin, R. (2016). Women Participation in Ecotourism Development: Are They Empowered? World Applied Sciences Journal, 34(12), 1652–1658. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2016.1652.1658

Lazuardina, A., & Amalia G., S. (2023). Dampak Pariwisata terhadap Kehidupan Masyarakat Lokal di Kawasan Wisata (Desa Ciburial Kabupaten Bandung). Warta Pariwisata, 21(2), 42–47. https://doi.org/10.5614/wpar.2023.21.2.02

Moreno Alarcon, D., & Cañada Mullor, E. (2018). Gender dimensions in tourism work. In Barselona: Alba Sud Publishing. http://www.albasud.org/publ/docs/81.en.pdf

N, F. A., Krisnani, H., & Darwis, R. S. (2015). Pengembangan Desa Wisata Melalui Konsep Community Based Tourism. Prosiding Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(3), 341–346. https://doi.org/10.24198/jppm.v2i3.13581

Neil, T. O., & Domingo, P. (2015). The power to decide: Women , Decision-making and Gender Equality. ODI Briefing, September, 1–8.

Palma, R. (2005). Social Functioning : The Core of Social Work. CSWCD Development Journal.

Pardeck, J. T. (1988). An Ecological Approach for Social Work Practice. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.15453/0191-5096.1855

Putri, A. (2021). Analisis Tingkat Partisipasi Terhadap Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Di Desa Ciburial Kabupaten Bandung. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

Rachmawati, E. (2020). Tourism and community empowerment at Gunung Leuser National Park, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 528(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/528/1/012001

Safna, A., & Asep Hariyanto. (2023). Pengaruh Keberadaan Ekowisata di Desa Wisata Ciburial terhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat. Bandung Conference Series: Urban & Regional Planning, 3(2), 254–261. https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsurp.v3i2.8120

Scheyvens, R. (1999). Ecotourism and the empowerment of local communities. Tourism Management, 20(2), 245–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00069-7

Scheyvens, R. (2000). Promoting women’s empowerment through involvement in ecotourism: Experiences from the third world. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(3), 232–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580008667360

Sharma, A. (2019). Challenges faced by women leadership in politics. International Journal of Political Science and Governance, 1(2), 60–62. https://doi.org/10.33545/26646021.2019.v1.i2a.128

Suryana, Syarifuddin, D., & Musafa. (2022). Daya Tarik Wisata Desa Ciburial Kecamatan Cimenyan, Kabupaten Bandung. Jurnal Kajian Pariwisata, 4(2), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.51977/jiip.v4i2.843

Swain, M. B. (1995). Gender in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(2), 247–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)00095-6

UNWTO. (2022). Regional Report on Women in Tourism in Asia and the Pacific.

Villanueva-álvaro, J. J., Mondéjar-Jiménez, J., & Sáez-Martínez, F. J. (2017). Rural tourism: Development, management and sustainability in rural establishments. Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(5), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050818

Wardhani, A. A., & Susilowati, I. (2021). Four Dimensions of Women’s Empowerment in Tourism: Case Study of Indrayanti Beach, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan, 22(2), 170–184. https://doi.org/10.18196/jesp.v22i2.10745

Weiss-Gal, I. (2008). The person-in-environment approach: Professional ideology and practice of social workers in Israel. Social Work, 53(1), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/53.1.65

World Tourism Organization. (2019). Global Report on Women in Tourism – Second Edition. World Tourism Organization.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/share.v14i1.55271

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.




SHARE SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL Terindeks Di:

 Google Scholar   Indonesia One SearchWorldCat Indonesian Publication Index (IPI)Crossref  Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)    

 

 

 

 

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.