Eksplorasi Sinergi Pendekatan Fitoremediasi dan Ameliorasi dalam Rehabilitasi Tanah pada Lahan Pascatambang

Abstrak

Soil degradation due to mining activities has led to a significant decline in environmental quality, 
with the mining sector contributing to deforestation of 29,635 hectares and critical land in Indonesia
reaching 12.7 million hectares. Additionally, heavy metal contamination has caused a 75% decrease
in soil fertility, posing a threat to ecosystem health and human well-being. This study aims to explore
the effects of phytoremediation and amelioration on the rehabilitation of post-mining soils to enhance
soil health. The article employs a systematic literature review approach using PRISMA guidelines and
bibliometric use VOSviewer 1.6.19 version analysis through Scopus search engine. A systematic review
was conducted on studies published between 2016 and 2026, and out of 1,942 identified articles, 15
were deemed eligible for inclusion. The findings indicate that the synergy between phytoremediation
and amelioration has significant potential in the recovery of post-mining soils contaminated with
heavy metals. Phytoremediation plants such as Rumex nepalensis, which can accumulate heavy metals
up to 100%, have proven to be effective in reducing soil contamination. Moreover, ameliorants such
as biochar and compost can reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals by up to 75%, while improving
soil quality by enhancing soil structure, raising pH, and supporting plant growth. The combination of
these approaches creates more favorable conditions for plant growth, thereby accelerating the
rehabilitation of soils and ecosystem recovery. The appropriate selection of plant species and
ameliorants can significantly improve the efficiency and sustainability of post-mining soil restoration,
offering a long-term solution to environmental degradation caused by mining activities.