Meninjau Kembali Ruang Publik: Tinjauan Literatur Tentang Media Sosial Dan Pembentukan Agenda Politik Melalui Lensa Habermas

Aini Faezah Ramlan, Mustabsyirotul Ummah Mustofa, Zaidatul Insyirah Suhaini, Nur Qistina Sarah Azizi, Wan Anas Hadirah Mohd Norizam, Ratnia Solihah

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Di era digital saat ini, platform media sosial telah menjadi sangat penting dalam membentuk persepsi publik dan agenda politik. Berita palsu, diperparah dengan adanya manipulasi media sosial, memiliki potensi untuk mempengaruhi opini publik dan bahkan mempengaruhi hasil pemilu. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan menganalisi bagaimana dampak berita palsu terhadap persepsi publik yang berdampak pada polarisasi dan posisi media sosial sebagai ruang publik dalam menentukan agenda politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori komunikasi kultivasi dan uses and gratification untuk menyelidiki kekuatan media sosial dalam membentuk agenda politik. Selain itu, penggunaan teori ruang publik Habermas digunakan untuk mengelaborasi dampak ruang publik di media sosial. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode studi literature dengan analisis tematik berkaitan dengan kata kunci sosial media, ruang publik, komunikasi politik, dan agenda politik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bagaimana individu secara aktif mengonsumsi berita palsu untuk mememnuhi kebutuhan psikologis dan penggunaan media sosial secara strategis oleh paraaktor politik untuk menyebarkan propaganda dan memajukan politik. Paparan informasi yang salah secara terus menerus di media sosial menumbuhkan persepsi yang terdistorsi tentang realitas politik di antara para pengguna, sementara mempertanyakan konstruksi ruang publik deliberative di media sosial manakala agenda politik di media sudah ditetapkan oleh para aktor politik. Penelitian ini memberikan sumbangsih pada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang dinamika kompleks terkait media sosial, dalam membentuk wacana dan opini publik di era digital disaat bersamaa, ruang publik yang dikonstruksi oleh aktor politik berpengaruh.

Kata Kunci: Agenda Politik, Polarisasi Politik, Ruang Publik, Sosial Media   

 

ABSTRACT

In the contemporary digital era, social media platforms have assumed a pivotal role in shaping public perception and influencing political agendas. The dissemination of disinformation, exacerbated by the manipulation of social media platforms, possesses the capacity to influence public sentiment and potentially impact the outcomes of electoral processes. The present study aims to analyse the impact of fake news on public perceptions that lead to polarisation and the position of social media as a public space in determining the political agenda. The present study employs cultivation communication theory and uses and gratification to investigate the influence of social media in shaping the political agenda. Furthermore, Habermas' concept of the public sphere is employed to elucidate the influence of this sphere on social media. The research was conducted using a literature study method with thematic analysis related to the keywords social media, public sphere, political communication, and political agenda. The results indicate that individuals actively consume fake news to fulfil psychological needs. Furthermore, the strategic use of social media by political actors to spread propaganda and further their political agenda is evident. The pervasive dissemination of misinformation through social media engenders a distorted perception of political reality among users, thereby challenging the establishment of a deliberative public sphere within this digital domain. This is further compounded by the pre-established political agenda within media platforms, which is largely dictated by political actors. This research contributes to a more profound comprehension of the intricate dynamics associated with social media, in shaping public discourse and opinion in the digital age. Concurrently, the public sphere is constructed by influential political actors.

Keywords: Political Agenda, Political Polarization, Public Space, Sosial Media  

 

 

Keywords

Agenda Politik; Polarisasi Politik; Ruang Publik; Sosial Media

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