Ngaben: Simbolisme, Etika, Dan Tantangan Keagamaan Dalam Berkabung Di Bali
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini menyoroti adaptasi ritual keagamaan, khususnya ngaben di Bali, di tengah perkembangan era digital. Teknologi digital telah mengubah cara partisipasi masyarakat, termasuk prosesi ngaben yang kini disiarkan melalui TikTok, YouTube, dan Instagram. Studi sebelumnya membahas dampak teknologi terhadap ritual keagamaan, tetapi belum mendalami implikasi etika dan spiritual integrasi teknologi dalam ngaben, terutama keseimbangan antara inovasi digital dan pelestarian makna sakral. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi bagaimana simbolisme dan praktik ngaben beradaptasi dengan teknologi, tantangan etika yang muncul, serta dampak perubahan tersebut. Metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus diterapkan di Bali melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci: tokoh agama, anggota keluarga, dan ahli budaya. Data dianalisis menggunakan teori dramaturgi Goffman dan konsep “teater negara” Geertz. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa digitalisasi memperluas partisipasi dan konektivitas spiritual, tetapi juga memperkenalkan dimensi komersialisasi dan hiburan yang berpotensi mengaburkan kesakralan ngaben. Teknologi berperan ganda: mempertahankan relevansi ritual sekaligus menantang pelestarian nilai spiritualnya. Keterbatasan penelitian mencakup belum tergalinya pandangan generasi muda, aspek gender, serta cakupan wilayah yang terbatas pada Bali. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan memperluas perspektif dan lokasi. Selain itu, diperlukan pedoman etika penggunaan teknologi dalam ritual keagamaan agar inovasi digital selaras dengan pelestarian nilai-nilai spiritual dan budaya Bali.
Kata kunci: Bali, Etika Keagamaan, Dramaturgi, Ngaben, Simbolisme
ABSTRACT
This study highlights the adaptation of religious rituals, particularly the Balinese ngaben, amid the rise of the digital era. Digital technology has transformed community participation, with ngaben ceremonies now broadcast via TikTok, YouTube, and Instagram. Previous studies have examined technology’s impact on religious rituals but have not deeply explored the ethical and spiritual implications of integrating technology into ngaben, especially the balance between digital innovation and preserving its sacred meaning. This research aims to explore how the symbolism and practice of ngaben adapt to technology, the ethical challenges that emerge, and the resulting impacts. A qualitative method with a case study approach was applied in Bali through in-depth interviews with key informants: religious leaders, family members, and cultural experts. Data were analyzed using Goffman’s dramaturgical theory and Geertz’s “theater state” concept. Findings reveal that digitalization expands participation and spiritual connectivity but also introduces commercialization and entertainment elements that risk obscuring the ritual’s sacredness. Technology plays a dual role: sustaining ritual relevance while challenging the preservation of its spiritual values. Limitations include the lack of perspectives from younger generations, gender dynamics, and the study’s restricted geographic scope. Further research and ethical guidelines are recommended to align digital innovation with preserving Bali’s spiritual and cultural values.
Keywords: Bali, Dramaturgy, Ngaben, Religious Ethics, Symbolism
Keywords
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