An Analysis on Mass Balance Calculation and Potential Processing Waste of The Conversion of Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

Egi Yosua Apriando, Efri Mardawati, Aisyah Hanifah

Abstrak


This study aims to analyze the mass balance of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) processing into crude palm oil (CPO) and to identify the potential utilization of by-products and waste generated during the process. The research was conducted at the palm oil mill of PT Sari Lembah Subur, located in Labuhan Batu Regency, North Sumatra, with a production capacity of approximately 60 tons FFB/hour, from February to April 2025. A quantitative approach based on the mass balance principle was applied, assuming that total input mass equals total output mass consisting of main products, by-products, waste, and losses. The calculation was performed using 1,000 kg FFB as the reference basis to facilitate efficiency evaluation and mass distribution analysis across processing units. The results showed that FFB processing produced CPO as the main product, kernel as a by-product, solid waste including empty fruit bunches, fiber, and shells, and liquid waste in the form of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). The mass balance analysis provided a clear quantitative representation of material distribution and process efficiency. Furthermore, the generated waste has significant potential for utilization as biomass energy, compost feedstock, and biogas production. Therefore, mass balance analysis serves as an effective evaluation tool to improve process efficiency and support sustainable waste management in the palm oil industry.

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