RED SEA CRISIS IMPACTS ON GULF OF ADEN'S MARITIME SECURITY

Mohamad Hery Saripudin, Mansur Juned

Abstrak


The post-October 2023 Red Sea Crisis, driven by persistent attacks on commercial shipping by Yemen's Houthi movement, has fundamentally transformed the security architecture of the adjacent Gulf of Aden. Applying the Copenhagen School's Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT), this article argues that the crisis represents a successful securitization act by a non-state actor that has displaced the long-standing multilateral counter-piracy regime and generated a complex security dilemma in the region. This securitization has compelled a strategic redeployment of international naval assets from broad anti-piracy patrols to focused anti-missile defense in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait resulting security vacuum in the wider Gulf of Aden and Somali Basin has, in turn, enabled a documented resurgence of Somali piracy and fostered the emergence of new hybrid threats, including collaboration between Houthis and other regional armed groups amid the divided security focuses from the governments in the region. In its investigation, this research uses qualitative approach by extracting the data from diverse sources from news coverages, academic articles, official releases from involved governments and international organizations, as well as reports from think tank organizations. This analysis demonstrates the profound capacity of localized, asymmetric conflicts to reconfigure regional security dynamics, challenge established global governance models, and degrade security in contiguous maritime spaces.

 

Krisis Laut Merah pasca-Oktober 2023, yang didorong oleh serangan terus-menerus terhadap pelayaran komersial oleh gerakan Houthi Yaman, telah mengubah arsitektur keamanan Teluk Aden secara signifikan. Dengan menerapkan Teori Kompleks Keamanan Regional (Regional Security Complex Theory - RSCT) dari Copenhagen School, artikel ini berargumen bahwa krisis ini merupakan langkah sekuritisasi yang sukses oleh aktor non-negara yang telah menggantikan rezim anti-pembajakan multilateral yang telah berlangsung lama serta menciptakan sebuah dilema keamanan kompleks di kawasan tersebut. Hal ini ini telah memaksa pemindahan strategis aset angkatan laut internasional dari patroli anti-pembajakan yang luas ke pertahanan anti-rudal yang terfokus di Selat Bab el-Mandeb sebagai respon dari serangan Houthi Yaman yang melakukan sekuritisasi sebagai dampak dari serangan Israel. Kekosongan keamanan yang dihasilkan di Teluk Aden dan Cekungan Somalia yang lebih luas, pada gilirannya, memungkinkan kebangkitan perompakan Somalia yang terdokumentasi dan mendorong munculnya ancaman hibrida baru, termasuk kolaborasi antara Houthi dan kelompok-kelompok bersenjata regional lainnya. Dalam melakukan investigasi, penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan berbagai sumber data mulai dari pemberitaan media massa, artikel akademik, laporan resmi pemerintah dan organisasi internasional, serta laporan lembaga think tank. Analisis ini menunjukkan kapasitas mendalam dari konflik asimetris yang terlokalisasi untuk mengkonfigurasi ulang dinamika keamanan regional, menantang model tata kelola global yang sudah mapan, dan menurunkan keamanan di ruang maritim yang bersebelahan.


Kata Kunci


Red Sea crisis; Gulf of Aden; Middle-East; Maritime Security; Regional Security Complex Theory

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/aliansi.v4i2.64701

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