Email Artikel ini Perkembangan Bioteknologi dalam Produksi Kolkisin Farmasetis
Abstrak
Kolkisin merupakan alkaloid utama yang terkandung dalam tanaman Colchicum autumnale dan Gloriosa superba L. Senyawa kolkisin memiliki beberapa khasiat terapeutik, di antaranya sebagai antimitotik, anti-inflamasi dan antifibrotil. Kebutuhan pasar yang tinggi akan suplai kolkisin mendorong berbagai penelitian untuk menemukan metode yang paling efisien guna meningkatkan produksi kolkisin. Budidaya konvensional tidak mampu mencukupi kebutuhan yang tinggi akan produk metabolit kolkisin, sementara sintesis kimia tidak dapat menjadi solusi yang tepat karena sulitnya mensintesis senyawa metabolit sekunder dengan struktur kimia yang kompleks. Solusi yang paling tepat untuk meningkatkan produksi kolkisin adalah kultur sel tanaman secara in vitro. Namun metode ini pun masih memiliki beberapa keterbatasan sehingga perlu dioptimalkan. Artikel ini meninjau delapan strategi untuk optimalisasi kultur sel, di antaranya elisitasi, product removal in situ, imobilisasi kultur sel tanaman, suspensi kultur sel tanaman dalam bioreaktor, demetilasi kolkisin dengan bantuan mikroba, mikrotuberisasi, kultur biorhizoma dengan bantuan enzim khusus, dan kultur biorhizoma dalam bioreaktor. Berdasarkan hasil tinjauan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa mikrotuberisasi, kultur biorhizoma dengan bantuan enzim khusus, dan kultur biorhizoma menggunakan bioreaktor merupakan strategi yang tengah banyak dikembangkan saat ini dan dinilai efisien untuk produksi kolkisin secara komersil.
Kata Kunci: kolkisin, kultur sel tanaman, biorhizoma, bioreaktor
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jf.v16i3.17577
DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.24198/jf.v16i3.17577.g8977
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