REVIEW ARTIKEL: PERBANDINGAN EFIKASI, EFISIENSI DAN KEAMANAN VAKSIN COVID-19 YANG AKAN DIGUNAKAN DI INDONESIA

BESKA ZAUSHA WITKA, IMAM ADI WICAKSONO

Abstrak


Virus corona-beta terbaru (SARS-CoV-2) merupakan virus yang dengan sangat mudah dapat menyebar melalui kontak langsung antar manusia dan dapat menyebabkan gejala yang beragam, dimulai dari tanpa gejala, gejala seperti flu ringan hingga sindrom gangguan pernapasan akut, pneumonia dan kematian. Meskipun mengembangkan herd immunity melalui kekebalan alami yang didapatkan dari infeksi memungkinkan untuk mengontrol pandemi COVID-19, jumlah kematian dan konsekuensinya akan sangat merugikan dan bahkan menghancurkan. Oleh karena itu, mengembangkan vaksin yang efektif menjadi sangat penting dan dianggap sebagai satu-satunya cara praktis untuk membentuk herd immunity. Reviewartikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi serta pemahaman bagi publik mengenai vaksin COVID-19 yang akan digunakan di Indonesia, baik dari segi efikasi (khasiat), efisiensi, serta keamananya. Diharapkan penerimaan publik terhadap vaksin COVID-19 akan meningkat, begitu pula dengan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat sebagai penerima vaksin COVID-19. Terdapat 7 jenis vaksin COVID-19 yang akan digunakan di Indonesia yaitu vaksin yang diproduksi oleh Moderna (mRNA-1273), BioNTech/Pfizer (BNT162b2), AstraZeneca (AZD1222), Sinovac (Coronavac), Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV), Novavax (NVX-CoV2373) dan PT Bio Farma. Ketujuh vaksin tersebut tidak ada yang paling efektif, efisien dan cocok untuk segala kondisi. Hal ini dikarenakan setiap vaksin memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangannya masing-masing. Walaupun demikian setiap vaksin telah dibuktikan aman secara klinis dan sudah mendapatkan izin penggunaan darurat di berbagai negara.
Kata kunci: vaksin COVID-19, efikasi, efisiensi, keamanan


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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/farmaka.v19i2.32298

DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.24198/farmaka.v19i2.32298.g16420

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