Karagenan dan Aplikasinya di Bidang Farmasetika

Dwi Prihastuti, Marline Abdassah

Abstrak

Karagenan merupakan polisakarida linier tersulfasi dari D-galaktosa dan 3, 6-anhidro-D-galaktosa yang diekstraksi secara komersial dari rumput laut merah kelas Rhodophyceae. Nama karagenan sendiri berasal dari spesies rumput laut yaitu Chondrus crispus yang dikenal sebagai Carrageen Moss atau Irish Moss di Inggris, dan Carraigin di Irlandia. Tiga tipe utama karagenan yang dibedakan berdasakan struktur diantaranya, kappa (κ), iota (ι), dan lambda (λ). Secara komersial karagenan digunakan sebagai agen pengental dan penstabil terutama pada produk makanan dan saus. Selain itu karagenan digunakan pada formulasi farmasetik dan kosmetik sebagai penstabil dalam sistem dispersi, pengatur viskositas dan sebagai pembentuk gel. Dalam bidang farmasetik karagenan banyak digunakan dalam sistem penghantaran obat untuk memperoleh kerja obat yang lebih panjang. Karagenan digunakan sebagai matriks tablet, ektruksi dalam pembuatan pelet, agen pembentuk gel, peningkat viskositas, peningkat permiabilitas dan digunakan pula dalam pembuatan mikrokapsul, beads serta nanopartikel. Selain itu karagenan juga digunakan dalam produksi antibiotik semi sintetik, tetrasiklin, klorotetrasiklin dan asam D-aspartat.

Kata kunci: karagenan, aplikasi dalam bidang farmasetik, sistem penghantaran obat

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Referensi

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/farmasetika.v4i5.23066

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