Email Artikel ini 
Sistem Penghantaran Obat Berbasis Biopolimer Kitosan pada Formulasi Film Forming System
Abstrak
Sistem penghantaran obat topikal melalui film forming system mampu mengatasi keterbatasan sediaan konvensional dengan membentuk film tipis in situ dan memberikan kontak lebih lama dikulit yang dapat mengontrol pelapasan obat. Polimer kitosan sebagai basis film forming system banyak digunakan karena sifatnya yang mukoadhesif dan mampu membentuk film tipis. Dalam review ini, dibahas penggunaan kitosan sebagai basis dalam sistem penghantaran obat yang telah banyak diaplikasikan dengan berbagai aktivitas biologis. Dalam formula FFS, perlu diperhatikan parameter kritis yang mempengaruhi formulasi film forming system seperti pemilihan konsentrasi polimer, kombinasi dengan polimer lain seperti polimer sintetik polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), derajat deasetilasi kitosan yang rendah untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik dan pembentukan film yang lebih baik, penambahan eksipien seperti plasticizer, humektan dan crosslinker yang dilaporkan berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisika kimia obat. Parameter fisikokimia yang diinginkan harus memiliki sifat mekanik yang mampu mengatasi tekanan takensial gerakan tubuh, pH untuk formula topikal berada pada rentang 4 – 6, waktu pembentukan film kurang dari 15 menit serta water vapour permeability (WVP) lebih dari 0,05 g/cm2. 24 jam. Dari berbagai hasil penelitian, dilaporkan bahwa Film forming system menggunakan basis kitosan menjadi salah satu pendekatan yang potensial dalam sistem penghantaran obat untuk meningkatkan efektivitas permeasi dan penetrasi yang lebih baik.
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
PDFReferensi
Rastogi V, Yadav P. Transdermal drug delivery system: An overview. Asian J Pharm. 2012;6(3):161–70.
Jain KK. An Overview of Drug Delivery Systems. Vol. 2059, Methods in Molecular Biology. 2020. 1–54 p.
Weiss SC. Conventional topical delivery systems. Dermatol Ther. 2011;24(5):471–6.
Frederiksen K, Guy RH, Petersson K. The potential of polymeric film-forming systems as sustained delivery platforms for topical drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2016;13(3):349–60.
Tran TTD, Tran PHL. Controlled release film forming systems in drug delivery: The potential for efficient drug delivery. Pharmaceutics. 2019;11(6):1–16.
Ahsan SM, Thomas M, Reddy KK, Sooraparaju SG, Asthana A, Bhatnagar I. Chitosan as biomaterial in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol [Internet]. 2018;110:97–109. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.140.
Nagarajan E, Shanmugasundaram P, Ravichandiran V, Vijayalakshmi A, Senthilnathan B, Masilamani K. Development and evaluation of chitosan based polymeric nanoparticles of an antiulcer drug Lansoprazole. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2015;5(4):20–5.
Gierszewska M, Ostrowska-Czubenko J. Chitosan-based membranes with different ionic crosslinking density for pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Carbohydr Polym [Internet]. 2016;153:501–11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.126.
Monti D, Tampucci S, Chetoni P, Burgalassi S, Mailland F. Ciclopirox vs amorolfine: In vitro penetration into and permeation through human healthy nails of commercial nail lacquers. J Drugs Dermatology. 2014;13(2):143–7.
Sakwanichol J, Sungthongjeen S, Puttipipatkhachorn S. Preparation and characterization of chitosan aqueous dispersion as a pharmaceutical film forming material. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol [Internet]. 2019;54(August):101230. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101230.
Perdones Á, Chiralt A, Vargas M. Properties of film-forming dispersions and films based on chitosan containing basil or thyme essential oil. Food Hydrocoll. 2016;57:271–9.
Contri R V., Katzer T, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS. Chitosan hydrogel containing capsaicinoids-loaded nanocapsules: An innovative formulation for topical delivery. Soft Mater. 2010;8(4):370–85.
M Loai NA, Mohamed Som HZ, Abdul Haiyee Z. Effect of Edible Lipid-Chitosan Film Forming Dispersion on Postharvest Life of Guava Stored At Chilled Temperature. Malaysian J Anal Sci. 2016;20(3):618–25.
Kasatkina MA, Budantseva NA, Kil’deeva NR. Preparation of Biologically Active Film-Forming Materials Based on Polyphosphate-Modified Chitosan. Pharm Chem J. 2016;50(4):250–7.
Layek B, Rahman Nirzhor SS, Rathi S, Kandimalla KK, Wiedmann TS, Prabha S. Design, Development, and Characterization of Imiquimod-Loaded Chitosan Films for Topical Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20(2):1–12.
Thakur G, Singh A, Singh I. Formulation and evaluation of transdermal composite films of chitosan-montmorillonite for the delivery of curcumin. Int J Pharm Investig. 2016;6(1):23.
Yang S, Yang Y, Cui S, Feng Z, Du Y, Song Z, et al. Chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol nanoscale liquid film-forming system facilitates MRSA-infected wound healing by enhancing antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. Int J Nanomedicine. 2018;13:4987–5002.
Kim DW, Kim KS, Seo YG, Lee BJ, Park YJ, Youn YS, et al. Novel sodium fusidate-loaded film-forming hydrogel with easy application and excellent wound healing. Int J Pharm [Internet]. 2015;495(1):67–74. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.082.
Hurler J, Škalko-Basnet N. Potentials of Chitosan-Based Delivery Systems in Wound Therapy: Bioadhesion Study. J Funct Biomater. 2012;3(1):37–48.
Frederiksen K, Guy RH, Petersson K. Formulation considerations in the design of topical, polymeric film-forming systems for sustained drug delivery to the skin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm [Internet]. 2015;91:9–15. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.01.002.
Oh DW, Kang JH, Lee HJ, Han SD, Kang MH, Kwon YH, et al. Formulation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of chitosan-based film forming gel containing ketoprofen. Drug Deliv [Internet]. 2017;24(1):1056–66. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2017.1346001.
Garvie-Cook H, Frederiksen K, Petersson K, Guy RH, Gordeev S. Characterization of topical film-forming systems using atomic force microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy. Mol Pharm. 2015;12(3):751–7.
Liu J, Pu H, Zhang X, Xiao L, Kan J, Jin C. Effects of ascorbate and hydroxyl radical degradations on the structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and film forming properties of chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol [Internet]. 2018;114:1086–93. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.021.
Gratieri T, Gelfuso GM, De Freitas O, Rocha EM, Lopez RFV. Enhancing and sustaining the topical ocular delivery of fluconazole using chitosan solution and poloxamer/chitosan in situ forming gel. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2011;79(2):320–7.
Lunter DJ, Daniels R. New film forming emulsions containing Eudragit® NE and/or RS 30D for sustained dermal delivery of nonivamide. Eur J Pharm Biopharm [Internet]. 2012;82(2):291–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.06.010.
Gennari CGM, Selmin F, Franzè S, Musazzi UM, Quaroni GMG, Casiraghi A, et al. A glimpse in critical attributes to design cutaneous film forming systems based on ammonium methacrylate. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2017;41:157–63.
Vij NN, Saudagar RB. Formulation, development and evaluation of film-forming gel for prolonged dermal delivery of terbinafine hydrochloride. Int J Pharma Sci Res [Internet]. 2014;5(9):537. Available from: http://ezproxy.si.unav.es:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,url&db=edsdoj&AN=edsdoj.bdc82a84474c4eb1b31a2f1d0d9d2cbc〈=es&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Edwards A, Qi S, Liu F, Brown MB, McAuley WJ. Rationalising polymer selection for supersaturated film forming systems produced by an aerosol spray for the transdermal delivery of methylphenidate. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2017;114:164–74.
T. R, Chiam-Wen L, Pui L, Morris E. Characterization of High Molecular Weight Poly(vinyl chloride) - Lithium Tetraborate Electrolyte Plasticized by Propylene Carbonate. Recent Advances in Plasticizers. 2012.
Zurdo Schroeder I, Franke P, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. Development and characterization of film forming polymeric solutions for skin drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2007;65(1):111–21.
Kathe K, Kathpalia H. Film forming systems for topical and transdermal drug delivery. Asian J Pharm Sci [Internet]. 2017;12(6):487–97. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2017.07.004.
Karki S, Kim H, Na SJ, Shin D, Jo K, Lee J. Thin films as an emerging platform for drug delivery. Asian J Pharm Sci [Internet]. 2016;11(5):559–74. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2016.05.004.
Rowe, C. R; Sheskey, J. P; Quinn M. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Exipient. 6th ed. Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. 159 p.
Butko A, Bonat Celli G, Paulson A, Ghanem A. Entrapment of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in a succinylated chitosan nanoparticle delivery system and release profile. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2016;27(10):1045–57.
Gomes LP, Paschoalin VMF, Del Aguila EM. Chitosan nanoparticles: Production, physicochemical characteristics and nutraceutical applications. Rev Virtual Quim. 2017;9(1):387–409.
College B, Pharmacy O, Nagara B. ISSN 0976-4550 CHITOSAN POLYMER USED AS CARRIER IN VARIOUS PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS : BRIEF REVIEW K Kavitha , T . S . Keerthi * , T Tamizh Mani . ISSN 0976-4550 Figure-1 : Structure of Chitin Figure-2 : Chemical structure of Chitosan International Jou. Int J Biol Pharm Technol. 2011;(2):249–58.
Raphaël KJ, Meimandipour A. Antimicrobial activity of chitosan film forming solution enriched with essential oils; an in vitro assay. Iran J Biotechnol [Internet]. 2017;15(2):111–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijb.1360.
Romanazzi G, Feliziani E, Sivakumar D. Chitosan, a biopolymer with triple action on postharvest decay of fruit and vegetables: Eliciting, antimicrobial and film-forming properties. Front Microbiol. 2019;9(December):1–9.
Kaczmarek B, Owczarek A, Nadolna K, Sionkowska A. The film-forming properties of chitosan with tannic acid addition. Mater Lett [Internet]. 2019;245:22–4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.02.090.
Wu C, Tian J, Li S, Wu T, Hu Y, Chen S, et al. Structural properties of films and rheology of film-forming solutions of chitosan gallate for food packaging. Carbohydr Polym [Internet]. 2016;146:10–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.027.
Gao HX, He Z, Sun Q, He Q, Zeng WC. A functional polysaccharide film forming by pectin, chitosan, and tea polyphenols. Carbohydr Polym [Internet]. 2019;215(March):1–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.029.
Zimoch-Korzycka A, Bobak Ł, Jarmoluk A. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of chitosan/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose film-forming hydrosols hydrolyzed by cellulase. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(9).
Baygar T. Bioactivity Potentials of Biodegradable Chitosan/Gelatin Film Forming Solutions Combined with Monoterpenoid Compounds. J Polym Environ [Internet]. 2019;27(8):1686–92. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-019-01465-4.
Prateepchanachai S, Thakhiew W, Devahastin S, Soponronnarit S. Improvement of mechanical and heat-sealing properties of edible chitosan films via addition of gelatin and CO 2 treatment of film-forming solutions. Int J Biol Macromol [Internet]. 2019;131:589–600. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.067.
Zhang L, Liu Z, Han X, Sun Y, Wang X. Effect of ethanol content on rheology of film-forming solutions and properties of zein/chitosan film. Int J Biol Macromol [Internet]. 2019;134:807–14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.085.
Kulig D, Zimoch-Korzycka A, Kró Z, Oziembłowski M, Jarmoluk A. Effect of film-forming alginate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex on the storage quality of pork. Molecules. 2017;22(1).
Kim JY, Jun JH, Kim SJ, Hwang KM, Choi SR, Han SD, et al. Wound healing efficacy of a chitosan-based film-forming gel containing tyrothricin in various rat wound models. Arch Pharm Res. 2015;38(2):229–38
Alsarra IA. Chitosan topical gel formulation in the management of burn wounds. Int J Biol Macromol. 2009;45(1):16–21.
Hamedi H, Moradi S, Hudson SM, Tonelli AE. Chitosan based hydrogels and their applications for drug delivery in wound dressings: A review. Carbohydr Polym [Internet]. 2018;199(June):445–60. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.114.
Fundo JF, Galvis-Sanchez AC, Delgadillo I, Silva CLM, Quintas MAC. The Effect of Polymer/ Plasticiser Ratio in Film Forming Solutions on the Properties of Chitosan Films. Food Biophys. 2015;10(3):324–33.
Ziani K, Oses J, Coma V, Maté JI. Effect of the presence of glycerol and Tween 20 on the chemical and physical properties of films based on chitosan with different degree of deacetylation. LWT - Food Sci Technol. 2008;41(10):2159–65.
El Fray M, Niemczyk A, Pabin-Szafko B. Chemical modification of chitosan with fatty acids. Prog Chem Appl Chitin its Deriv. 2012;2012:29–36.
Yang Y, Sun C, Yip HL, Sun R, Wang X. Chitosan-Assisted Crystallization and Film Forming of Perovskite Crystals through Biomineralization. Chem - An Asian J. 2016;11(6):893–9.
