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Whitening Agent : Mekanisme, Sumber dari Alam dan Teknologi Formulasinya
Abstrak
Sekarang ini adanya keinginan alamiah untuk tampil cantik khususnya pada kaum wanita telah meningkatkan kesadaran tentang pentingnya perawatan kulit dan warnanya, untuk itu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah memutihkan kulit dengan menekan produksi melanin menggunakan whitening agent, sehingga dilakukan penulisan artikel review ini dengan tujuan mengetahui jenis-jenis whitening agent, mekanismenya dan penggunaan teknologi formulasinya. Beberapa contoh whitening agent yaitu hydroquinone, ascorbic acid, kojic acid, arbutin, niacinamide, retinoid, azelaic acid, namun beberapa zat ini dapat menimbulkan permasalahan pada kulit seperti iritasi, dermatitis, alergi dan kanker kulit sehingga sekarang ini dapat digunakan whitening agent dari alam yang minim efek samping seperti temulawak, cendana, teripang, dan prunus. Mekanisme utama whitening agent adalah menghambat enzim tirosinasedan, dan untuk memaksimalkan efek whitening pada kulit telah dikembangkan teknologi formulasi menggunakan beberapa metode penghantaran seperti liposom, nanopartikel, solid lipid nanopartikel dan mikroemulsi.
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