Formulasi dan Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kapuk (Ceiba pentandra L.)

Tiana Milanda, Richie Agusta Iwan Chandra, Alam Jenuin Dwipratama

Abstrak

Jerawat merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronis pada kulit, yang diperparah oleh infeksi bakteri seperti Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis.  Banyaknya kasus resistensi bakteri menyebabkan perlunya antibakteri alternatif, antara lain dari tumbuhan kapuk (Ceiba pentandra L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh sediaan krim dengan bahan aktif ekstrak etanol daun kapuk yang efektif terhadap bakteri penyebab jerawat dan stabil dalam penyimpanan. Penelitian dilakukan melalui tahap determinasi tumbuhan dan penyiapan simplisia, ekstraksi simplisia, penapisan fitokimia ekstrak, pengujian aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak, penentuan Konsentrasi Hambat Tumbuh Minimum (KHTM) ekstrak, orientasi basis krim, formulasi dan pengujian kualitas fisik sediaan krim, pengujian  aktivitas antibakteri sediaan krim selama penyimpanan  dan uji banding aktivitas antibakteri sediaan krim terhadap basis dan ekstrak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kapuk memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. epidermidis ATTC 12228 dan P. acnes isolat klinik dengan KHTM sebesar 0,125% dan 0,078% b/v. Sediaan krim diformulasi menggunakan basis F02 dengan penambahan ekstrak sebesar dua, tiga dan empat kali KHTM.  Formula 1 (krim dengan 2x KHTM ekstrak)  merupakan sediaan krim dengan kualitas fisik terbaik, karena tampilan organoleptis, pH dan viskositasnya stabil selama 30 hari pada suhu kamar serta tidak mengalami pemisahan fase selama satu tahun. Formula 3 (krim dengan 4x KHTM ekstrak) merupakan sediaan krim dengan aktivitas antibakteri terbaik, terutama terhadap P. acnes isolat klinik. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh formula krim dengan kandungan ekstrak etanol daun kapuk yang efektif  terhadap bakteri penyebab jerawat dan stabil selama penyimpanan.

Kata Kunci

Jerawat, Konsentrasi Hambat Tumbuh Minimum, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/mfarmasetika.v6i2.33092

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