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Penggunaan Polimer Golongan Polisakarida untuk Enkapsulasi Zat Aktif dengan Perbedaan Sifat Keasaman
Abstrak
Obat merupakan zat aktif yang bersifat asam atau basa. Beberapa zat aktif memiliki stabilitas yang rendah dan pelepasan obat yang kurang terkontrol. Masalah ini dapat diatasi dengan mengenkapsulasi zat aktif tersebut menggunakan polimer bersifat biodegradable, salah satunya polimer golongan polisakarida yang telah banyak digunakan seperti alginat, kitosan, pektin, dan selulosa. Enkapsulasi zat aktif telah menghasilkan banyak sifat penting seperti penghantaran obat lepas lambat atau terkontrol, peningkatan stabilitas, dan peningkatan bioavailabilitas sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesesuaian untuk aplikasinya. Artikel ini dibuat dengan menggunakan metode pencarian referensi secara online yang berasal dari free database “sciencedirect.com” dari tahun 2012 – 2021. Artikel ini akan membahas beberapa penggunaan polimer golongan polisakarida untuk ekapsulasi zat aktif dengan perbedaan sifat keasaman. Berdasarkan beberapa data penelitian yang terkumpul, membuktikan keberhasilan polimer polisakarida dalam mengenkapsulasi zat aktif yang bersifat asam dan basa. Parameter keberhasilan yang dinilai dalam artikel ini untuk enkapsulasi zat aktif adalah nilai efisiensi enkapsulasi dan pelepasan obat. Zat aktif yang bersifat asam cenderung memiliki efisiensi enkapsulasi yang lebih tinggi daripada zat aktif bersifat basa. Namun, tidak memberikan perbedaan pelepasan obat pada kondisi cairan lambung dan cairan usus. Zat aktif dengan sifat keasaman yang berbeda sama-sama memiliki pelepasan obat tertinggi pada kondisi basa.
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