Pengetahuan dan Kesadaran Pentingnya Produk Eco-Friendly Skincare Bagi Ekosistem Perairan Indonesia
Abstrak
Salah satu sumber antropogenik polutan laut berpotensi bahaya berasal dari kosmetika berupa plastik kemasan, microbeaddan beberapa bahan aktif produk perawatan kulit. Menjaga dan melestarikan ekosistem laut dari ancaman polusi yang membahayakan memerlukan partisipasi aktif dari masyarakat dan menjadi salah satu indikator pembangunan berkelanjutan (SDG). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui level pengetahuan dan mengukur kesadaran masyarakat terhadap keberadaan produk eco-friendly skincare. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif menggunakan metode kuesioner dan hasil kuesioner diolah secara deskriptif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para responden telah memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang ekosistem laut khususnya terumbu karang serta mendukung keberadaan produk berekolabel. Namun, separuhnya belum mengetahui dampak negatif bahan bahan aktif skincare bagi ekosistem maupun organisme perairan. Aspek kehalalan, khasiat dan keamanan produk bagi kesehatan menjadi dasar utama responden dalam memilih suatu produk kosmetik dan skincare. Aspek pengetahuan tentang keamanan produk bagi lingkungan dan keterjangkauan atau daya saing harga dengan produk non eco-label diketahui mempengaruhi keputusan responden untuk mengutamakan pemilihan produk berekolabel
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Veiga, J.M.; Vlachogianni, T.; Pahl, S.; Thompson, R.C.; Kopke, K.; Doyle, T.K.; Hartley, B.L.; Maes, T.; Orthodoxou, D.L.; Loizidou, X.I.; et al. 2016. Enhancing public awareness and promoting co-responsibility for marine litter in europe: the challenge of MARLISCO. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 102, 309–315.
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United Nations (2015), Sustainable Development Goals, 17 Goals to Transform Our World,. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/. Diakses 16 November 2021.
Agapa V., Merdeka, P.H.N., Sari Q.W., Anggraeni S.R. 2021. Pola minat wisata dan pengetahuan dalam pengelolaan sampah di era pandemi. Journal of Berdaya, Vol 1: 39-46.
Chapman, A.; Shigetomi, Y. 2018. Developing national frameworks for inclusive sustainable development incorporating lifestyle factor importance. J. Clean. Prod., 200, 39–47.
databridgemarketresearch.com. Global Cosmetics Market - Industry Trends and Forecast to 2028. Diakses tanggal 16 November 2021.
Piotrowska A., Czerwińska‑Ledwig O.,Serdiuk M., Serdiuk K., Wanda Pilch W. 2020. Composition of scrub‑type cosmetics from the perspective of product ecology and microplastic content. Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences. DOI: 10.1007/s13530-020-00051-9.
Borunda A. 2019. The beauty industry generates a lot of plastic waste. Can it change?. National geographic.com. diakses 2 November 2021.
Gallo, F. Fossi C., Weber R., Santillo D., Sousa J., Ingram I., Nadal A., Romano D. 2018. Marine litter plastics and microplastics and their toxic chemicals components: the need for urgent preventive measures. Environ Sci Eur., 30:13.doi:10.1186/s12302-018-0139-z.
Fastelli P., Renzi M. 2019. Exposure of key marine species to sunscreens: Changing ecotoxicity as a possible indirect effect of global warming. Mar. Pollut. Bull 149:110517.
Oukarroum, A., Bras, S., Perreault, F., Popovic, R. 2012. Inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles in two green algae, Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella tertiolecta. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 78, 80–85.
Kunz, P.Y., Gries, T., Fent, K., 2006a. The ultraviolet filter 3-benzylidene camphor adversely affects reproduction in fathead minnows (Promelas pimephales).Toxicol. Sci. 93, 311.
Kunz, P.Y., Galacia, H.F., Fent, K., 2006b. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo estrogenic activity of UV filters in fish. Toxicol. Sci. 2006, 349–361.
Fent, K., Kunz, P.Y., Gomez, E., 2008. UV filters in the aquatic environment induce hormonal effects and affect fertility and reproduction in fish. Chimia 62, 368–375.
Coronado, M., De Haro, H., Deng, X., Rempel, M.A., Lavado, R., Schlenk, D., 2008. Estrogenic activity and reproductive effects of the UV-filter oxybenzone (2-hydroxy-4-4methoxyphenyl-methanone) in fish. Aquat. Toxicol. 90, 182–187.
Danovaro R., Bongiorni L., Corinaldesi C., Giovannelli D., Damiani E., Astolfi P., Greci L., Pusceddu A. 2008. Sunscreens cause coral bleaching by promoting viral infections. Environ. Health Perspect. 116, 441–447.
Zirwas MJ, Andrasik W. 2018. Can Sunscreens Harm Coral Reefs? Addressing Environmental Concerns and Offering Practical Recommendations. Skinmed. 2018 Jul 1;16(4):223-229. eCollection 2018. PubMed PMID: 30207523.
Sánchez-Quiles, D. & Tovar-Sánchez. 2015. Are sunscreens a new environmental risk associated with coastal tourism? Environ. Int. 83,158–170.
Osterwalder, U., Sohn, M,. & Herzog, B. 2014. Global state of sunscreens.Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. 30, 62–80
Badan POM RI. 2011. Keputusan Kepala Badan POM RI No. HK.03.1.23.08.11.07517 Tahun 2011 tentang Persyaratan Teknis Bahan Kosmetika.
Fauville, G., Strang, C., Cannady, M.A., Chen, Y.F. 2018. Development of the international ocean literacy survey: measuring knowledge across the world. Environ. Educ. Res., 25, 1–26.
Pujihastuti, I. 2010. Prinsip penulisan kuesioner penelitian. CEFARS J. Agribisnis Dan Pengemb. Wil. 2: 43–56.
Roopa S., Rani M.S. 2012. Questionnaire designing for a survey. JIOS; 46(4):273-277
Hadi T.A., Giyanto., Prayudha B., Hafizi M., Budiyanto A., Suharsono. 2018. Status terumbu karang Indonesia 2018. Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. 34 hal.
Monifa A. 2020. Urgensi Larangan Kosmetik Terhadap Lingkungan Laut Pada Wisata Bahari. Administrative and environmental law review. Vol 1 (1): 1-14.
Moeller M, Pawlowski S, Petersen-Thiery M, Miller IB, Nietzer S, Heisel-Sure Y, Kellermann MY and Schupp PJ. 2021. Challenges in Current Coral Reef Protection – Possible Impacts of UV Filters Used in Sunscreens, a Critical Review. Front. Mar. Sci. 8:665548.doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.665548.
Folley A. 2018. Hawaii lawmakers approve ban on sunscreens with chemicals harmful to coral reefs. https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/385823. Diakses tanggal 05 Agustus 2021.
Juliano C., Magrini G.A. 2017. Cosmetic ingredients as emerging pollutants of environmental and health concern. A Mini-review. Cosmetics, 4, 11; doi:10.3390/cosmetics4020011.
Amberg N., Robert M. 2018. Environmental pollution and sustainability or the impact of the environmentally conscious measures of international cosmetic companies on purchasing organic cosmetics. Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development. DOI: 10.2478/vjbsd-2018-0005
Leslie H.A. 2014. Review of Microplastics in Cosmetics . Report of Institute for Environmental Studies .University of Amsterdam.
Kumar, R., Verma, A., Shome, A., Sinha, R., Sinha, S.;,Jha, P.K., Kumar, R., Kumar, P., Shubham, Das, S. et al. 2021. Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Ecosystem Services, Sustainable Development Goals, and Need to Focus on Circular Economy and Policy Interventions. Sustainability, 13, 9963. doi.org/10.3390/su13179963.
Ors, F. 2012. Environmental education and the role of media in environmental education in Turkey. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci., 46, 1339–1342.
Veiga, J.M.; Vlachogianni, T.; Pahl, S.; Thompson, R.C.; Kopke, K.; Doyle, T.K.; Hartley, B.L.; Maes, T.; Orthodoxou, D.L.; Loizidou, X.I.; et al. 2016. Enhancing public awareness and promoting co-responsibility for marine litter in europe: the challenge of MARLISCO. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 102, 309–315.
Varela-Candamio, L.; Novo-Corti, I.; García-Álvarez, M.T. 2018. The importance of environmental education in the determinants of green behavior: a meta-analysis approach. J. Clean. Prod., 170, 1565–1578.
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