LITHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAND SUBSIDENCE-AFFECTED AREAS BASED ON VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING METHOD IN KENDAL REGENCY, CENTRAL JAWA.

Damar Sayyidina Zulfi, Boy Yoseph Cahya Sunan Sakti Syah Alam, Muhammad Kurniawan Alfadli

Abstract


ABSTRACT

Land subsidence along the coastal areas of Kendal Regency, Central Java, is occurring at rates of up to –100 mm/year, with the most significant impacts observed in the Kaliwungu, Brangsong, and Patebon districts. In 2024, groundwater extraction in Kendal reached 40.42 million m³, the highest in Central Java. The decline in the water table is closely correlated with the acceleration of land subsidence. This study aims to identify the subsurface lithology contributing to this subsidence based on electrical resistivity values. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method using the Schlumberger configuration  was applied across 25 acquisition locations. Inversion results indicate a dominance of alluvium deposits, consisting of clay (0–14 Ωm) and sandy clay (14–30 Ωm), which constitute over 95% of the subsurface models. In contrast, the Damar Formation (consisting of sandstone 30–300 Ωm and breccia >300 Ωm) appears only locally. Low-resistivity zones (0–22 Ωm) directly coincide with the highest subsidence rates. It is concluded that the sandy clay layers, acting as aquifers, are the primary factor in land subsidence triggered by intensive groundwater extraction. The resulting geological model serves as a fundamental framework for risk mitigation and geology-based land-use planning.


Keywords


Alluvium; Damar Formation; Kendal; Land Subsidence; Resistivity; VES

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/gsag.v9i3.71847

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