Formulation and Evaluation of instant granules from Ketapang Badak fruit (Ficus lyrata Warb) using wet granulation method as an antioxidant supplement
Abstract
Free radicals are naturally produced from the body's metabolic processes, but the excessive amount of free radicals can interfere with human health because they cause oxidative stress. Therefore we need antioxidants that can protect against free radicals. Ficus lyrata W. is one of the antioxidant sources. This study aims to formulate instant granules from the Ethanol extract of Ficus lyrata W. using the wet granulation method. The formula is optimized using the Design Expert with the two-level factorial method. The optimized factors are xanthan gum 0,8-1,5% and PVP 0,5-5%. Granules are evaluated and analyzed using a Design Expert. The results obtained showed that Formula 4 with a combination of xanthan gum 0,8% and PVP 5% is the best formula, which the evaluation result is Loss On Drying (LOD) 3,28%, Flowability 16.043 ± 0.221 (g/s), Angle of Rest 21.77 ± 0.862, no precipitate for15 minutes, pH = 4.7, dispersed in 31 seconds and sedimentation time is 52.213 ± 1.7878 (minutes), the results of the antioxidant activity test of the ethanol extract of Ficus lyrata is 38,27 µg/ml, and instant granules is 145,02 µg/ml.
Keywords: Antioxidant, Ficus lyrata W., Instant granules, Design expert
References
References
Birben E, Sahiner U, Sackesen C, Erzurum S, Kalayci O. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Mechanism in. World Allergy Organ J. 2012;5(1):9–19.
Phaniendra A, Jestadi DB, Periyasamy
L. Free Radicals: Properties, Sources, Targets, and Their Implication in Various Diseases. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2015;30(1):11–26.
Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, Pallio G, Mannino F, Arcoraci V, et al. Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017.
Satrr F, Starr K, Loope L. Ficus lyrata. 2003;(Dehgan 1998):4. Available from: http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/repo rts/pdf/ficus_lyrata.pdf
Abdel-Hameed ESS. Total phenolic contents and free radical scavenging activity of certain Egyptian Ficus species leaf samples. Food Chem [Internet]. 2009;114(4):1271–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2 008.11.005
Awad NE, Abdelqawy MA, Hamed MA, Aboshehata MM. Quantitation and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Butanol Fraction of Ficus Lyrata Leaves and In Vivo Assessment of Hepatoprotective and Hypocholesterolemic Activities in Rats.
J Herbs, Spices Med Plants [Internet]. 2019;25(4):330–46.
Available from:https://doi.org/10.1080/10496475
.2019.1619650
Wira D wahyuda, Mardawati E, Djali M, Balia R. The studies of Leaf extract of Ficus lyrata Warb on antimicrobial activities. 2018;5(Icoh 2017):109–12.
Haerani A, Chaerunisa AY, Subarnas
A. Antioxidant Activities of Muntingia calabura, Syzygium cumini, Ocimum basilicum, and Eleutherine bulbosa using DPPH Method. Indones J Pharm. 2019;1(2):57–61.
Arikalang TG, Sudewi S, Rorong JA. Penentuan Kandungan Total Fenolik pada Ekstrak Daun Gedi Hijau (Abelmoschus manihot L .) yang Diukur dengan Spektrofotometer UV- Vis. Pharmacon J Ilm Farm. 2018;7(3).
Rezkywianti S. Optimalisasi Formula Tepung Terigu, Tepung Pare, dan Tepung Daun Black Mulberry Dalam Karakteristik Mi Kering Menggunakan Aplikasi Design Expert Mixture D- Optimal [Internet]. Bandung; 2016. Available from:
http://repository.unpas.ac.id/29814/1/T UGAS %0AAKHIR %0ASISKA
%0AREKYWIANTI.pdf.
Husni P, Fadhiilah ML, Hasanah U. FORMULASI DAN UJI STABILITAS FISIK GRANUL INSTAN SERBUK KERING TANGKAI GENJER (Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau.) SEBAGAI SUPLEMEN PENAMBAH SERAT. J Ilm Farm Farmasyifa. 2020;3(1):1–8.
Mulyadi D, Astuti IY, Dhiani BA. FORMULASI GRANUL INSTAN JUS KELOPAK BUNGA ROSELA (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI POVIDON SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGIKAT SERTA KONTROL KUALITASNYA. PHARMACY [Internet]. 2011;08(03):29–41.
Available from:
https://media.neliti.com/media/publicat ions/157624-ID-formulasi-granul- instan-jus-kelopak- bung.pdf
Gebresamuel N, Gebre-Mariam T. Evaluation of the suspending properties of two local Opuntia spp. mucilages on Paracetamol suspension. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2013;26(1):23–9.
Kim J, Choe E. Effect of the pH on the lipid oxidation and polyphenols of soybean oil-in-water emulsion with added peppermint (Mentha piperita) extract in the presence and absence of iron. Food Sci Biotechnol [Internet]. 2018;27(5):1285–92. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-018- 0324-2
Rani KC, Parfati N, Muarofah D, Sacharia SN. Formulasi Granul Effervescent Herba Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) dengan Variasi Suspending Agent Xanthan Gum, CMC-Na, dan Kombinasi CMC-Na- Mikrokristalin Selulosa RC- 591. J Sains Farm Klin. 2020;7(1):39.
Wahyuni R, Yunalti S, Syofyan. Formulasi dan evaluasi stabilitas fisik suspensi ibuprofen menggunakan kombinasi polimer serbuk gom arab dan natrium karboksimetilselulosa. J Farm Higea. 2017;9(1):56–67.
Do QD, Angkawijaya AE, Tran- Nguyen PL, Huynh LH, Soetaredjo FE, Ismadji S, et al. Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica. J Food Drug Anal [Internet]. 2014;22(3):296–302. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2013.1 1.001
Sukandar D, Nurbayti S, Rudiana T, Husna TW. Isolation and Structure Determination of Antioxidants Active Compounds from Ethyl Acetate Extract of Heartwood Namnam (Cynometra cauliflora L.). J Kim Terap Indones. 2017;19(1):11–7.
Ismail J, Runtuwene MR., Fatimah F. PENENTUAN TOTAL FENOLIK DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA BIJI DAN
KULIT BUAH PINANG YAKI (Areca
vestiaria Giseke). J Ilm Sains. 2012;12(2):84.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
