Profil Penggunaan Antidiabetik pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Gestasional di Puskesmas Wilayah Kecamatan Pontianak Kota
Abstract
Pada masa kehamilan, terjadi perubahan-perubahan fisiologis yang berpengaruh terhadap metabolisme karbohidrat sehingga mengakibatkan kehamilan tersebut bersifat diabetogenik. Berbagai faktor dapat mengganggu keseimbangan metabolisme karbohidrat dengan meningkatnya usia kehamilan sehingga terjadi gangguan toleransi glukosa. Keadaan ini dikenal dengan diabetes melitus gestasional (DMG). DMG termasuk jenis penyakit diabetes melitus (DM) yang terjadi pada saat kehamilan. DMG, jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat, dapat berisiko menjadi DM tipe 2 di masa mendatang. Untuk itu, pengobatan DMG perlu dilakukan dengan pendekatan nonfarmakologi dan farmakologi untuk mencegah terjadinya DM tipe 2 dalam jangka waktu yang panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan antidiabetik pada pasien diabetes melitus gestasional di Puskesmas Wilayah Kecamatan Pontianak Kota. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional dengan rancangan penelitian potong lintang yang bersifat deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif berdasarkan data rekam medis pasien DMG rawat jalan di Puskesmas Wilayah Kecamatan Pontianak Kota periode Januari 2016–September 2017. Sampel penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 32 pasien. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh obat yang dominan digunakan untuk mengatasi DMG pada wanita hamil adalah metformin (78,13%) yang merupakan golongan biguanida, dan sisanya menggunakan gliburid (21,88%) yang merupakan golongan sulfonilurea. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah golongan biguanida banyak digunakan untuk mengatasi DMG pada wanita hamil trimester kedua dan ketiga.
Kata kunci: Diabetes melitus gestasional, gliburid, metformin
Antidiabetic Use Profile on Gestasional Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Community Health Center in Region of Center Pontianak
Abstract
During pregnancy, there are physiological changes affecting on carbohydrate metabolism which cause a diabetogenic pregnancy. Various factors can disrupt the balance of carbohydrate metabolism with increasing gestational age, resulting in impaired glucose tolerance. This condition is known as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM is a type of diabetes mellitus (DM) that occurs during pregnancy. GDM, if not handled properly, can be at risk of becoming type 2 DM in the future. Therefore, GDM treatment needs to be done with non-pharmacology and pharmacology approach to prevent the occurrence of DM type 2 in the long term. The objective of this research was to describe the use of oral antidiabetics on gestational diabetes mellitus patients at community health center in Region of Center Pontianak. This research employed observational method with descriptive cross-sectional study design. The data collection was done from medical record of gestasional diabetes mellitus outpatients at community health center in Region of Center Pontianak in the period of January 2016–September 2017. A total of 32 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results showed that drugs dominantly taken as GDM treatment during pregnancy was metformin (78.13%) which is biguanide group, while the rest was glyburide (21.88%) which is sulfonylurea group. The conclusion of this research is biguanide group was mostly used to treat GDM for pregnancy during the second trimester and third trimester.
Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, glyburide, metformin
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2019.8.1.72
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