Kajian Penggunaan, Ketepatan, dan Biaya Antibiotik pada Pasien Rawat Inap Anak di Sebuah Rumah Sakit Umum di Surabaya
Abstract
Ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik merupakan salah satu aspek penting untuk memastikan efektivitas dan keamanan terapi pada semua kelompok pasien, terutama kelompok pasien dengan perbedaan fisiologi dan profil farmakokinetika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan, ketepatan, dan biaya antibiotik pada bangsal rawat inap anak selama periode November–Desember 2015. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah observasi yang dilakukan secara prospektif terhadap seluruh data rekam medis pasien rawat inap anak yang mendapatkan antibiotik selama periode pengambilan data. Data pasien rawat inap anak yang mendapatkan antibiotik dengan indikasi profilaksis sebelum pembedahan, menghendaki pulang paksa, dan memerlukan perawatan khusus pada saat pengambilan data dieksklusi dari penelitian. Total terdapat 109 rekam medis pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sebesar 82 pasien (75,23%) pada penelitian ini berusia 1–24 bulan. Terdapat 5 pasien (4,59%) dengan diagnosis keluar noninfeksi dan tidak memiliki tanda infeksi yang menerima antibiotik. Tidak terdapat pasien yang mendapatkan kultur bakteri. Golongan antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan adalah sefalosporin generasi III yaitu sebesar 114 antibiotik (90,48%), dan sebanyak 63 antibiotik (55,26%) di antaranya adalah seftriakson. Penggunaan antibiotik pada 21 pasien (45,65%) dinyatakan sesuai dosis, pada 19 pasien (41,30%) hanya sesuai dosis dan frekuensi, serta pada 6 pasien diklasifikasikan sebagai tidak ada yang sesuai. Biaya rata-rata antibiotik per pasien pada penelitian ini adalah sebesar Rp209.731,72. Penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien rawat inap anak pada rumah sakit tempat pengambilan data perlu dioptimalkan ketepatannya. Kultur bakteri dan uji sensitivitas perlu diupayakan di rumah sakit tempat pengambilan data sebagai upaya penjaminan ketepatan antibiotik.
Kata kunci: Antibiotik, pediatrik, review penggunaan obat
Review of the Utilization, Appropriateness, and Cost of Antibiotics among Paediatric Inpatients in a Public Hospital in Surabaya
Abstract
An appropriate utilization of antibiotics is one of important aspects to assure treatment effectiveness and safety in all patient groups, especially in patients with distinctive physiology and pharmacokinetic profile. This study aimed to assess the utilization, appropriateness and cost of antibiotics administered in a pediatric hospital ward during November–December 2015. Method used to collect the data was observation conducted prospectively towards all medical records of paediatric inpatients receiving antibiotics during the study period. Medical records of patients receiving prophylaxis antibiotics before surgery, patients discharged against medical advice, and patients suddenly needed medical treatment in a special ward were excluded from the study. Overall, a total of 109 medical records met inclusion and exclusion criteria, in which 82 (75.23%) patients’ age ranged from 1 month to 2 years. There were 5 (4.59%) patients with non-infectious diagnoses and no signs of infection receiving antibiotics. No patients were tested for a microbial culture. The most utilized antibiotic class was the 3rd generation of cephalosporins (114 antibiotics, 90.48%); 63 (55.26%) of which was ceftriaxone. The utilization of antibiotics in 21 (45.65%) patients was considered dose appropriate, in 19 (41.30%) patients were dose-frequency appropriate and in 6 patients was classified as none appropriate. The mean of the cost of antibiotic per patient was IDR 209,731.72. There is a need to optimalize the appropriateness of antibiotic utilization in hospitalized pediatrics at the study hospital. Microbial culture and sensitivity tests would plausibly be one of preliminary steps to guard the appropriateness of antibiotic utilization.
Keywords: Antibiotics, drug utilization review, paediatrics
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2018.7.3.194
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