Pengaruh Antipsikotik terhadap Penurunan Skor The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component
Abstract
Skizofrenia adalah gangguan kejiwaan dengan satu atau lebih kriteria seperti delusi, halusinasi, cara berpikir dan berbicara yang tidak teratur, gangguan perilaku, dan gejala negatif. Antipsikotik merupakan terapi utama untuk pengobatan skizofrenia. Respon terapi pengobatan pasien dengan gangguan syaraf maupun jiwa seperti skizofrenia hanya dapat dilihat dari perbaikan gejala dan penurunan tingkat keparahan pasien yang dapat diukur melalui diagnosis dokter berdasarkan instrumen pengukuran seperti The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component (PANSS-EC). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui presentase pengaruh pemilihan antipsikotik terhadap penurunan skor PANSS-EC dan mengetahui jenis antipsikotik yang paling memengaruhi penurunan PANSS-EC. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai Maret 2016 pada pasien skizofrenia akut di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Prof. Dr. Soerojo Magelang dengan menggunakan metode cross-sectional, observasional-analitik yang dilakukan secara prospektif. Data nilai selisih skor pre dan post PANSS-EC dari 97 pasien diambil secara acak (random) sebanyak 39 pasien. Berdasarkan hasil uji One Way ANOVA, diperoleh nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,021 (p <0,05), nilai linearitas F (0,03) <0,05, dan nilai Fhitung > Ftabel (2,584 >1,81), hal ini bermakna bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara pemilihan antipsikotik terhadap penurunan skor PANSS-EC. Hasil uji asosiasi Eta menunjukkan bahwa besar pengaruh dari pemilihan antipsikotik terhadap penurunan skor PANSS-EC pasien adalah 73,80%. Berdasarkan hasil uji post hoc ANOVA, monoterapi klozapin merupakan terapi antipsikotik yang paling berbeda signifikan dengan level signifikansi (mean difference) 0,05 dibandingkan dengan monoterapi dan kombinasi antipsikotik lainnya. Sebanyak 73,80% penggunaan antipsikotik memengaruhi penurunan skor PANSS-EC dan klozapin merupakan terapi antipsikotik yang paling berbeda signifikan di antara monoterapi maupun kombinasi antipsikotik lainnya.
Kata kunci: Antipsikotik, klozapin, PANSS-EC, skizofrenia
The Influence of Antipsychotic to Decrease the Score of The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder with one or more of the following criteria: delusions, hallucinations, ways of thinking and talking that is irregular, behavioral disorders and negative symptoms. The treatment responsed of patients with neurological or psychiatric disorders only be seen from patient’s improved of symptomps and severity decreased that can be measured through doctor’s diagnosis based on instrument measurement such as The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component (PANSS-EC). The aim of this study were to find out percentage of the antipsychotics selection effect to decrease score of PANSS-EC and to find out which type of antipsychotic that mostly influence the decrease. This study was conducted from January to March 2016 in patients with acute schizophrenia at RSJ (mental hospital) Prof. Dr. Soerojo Magelang using cross-sectional, observational-analytic based on prospective. The difference of pre and post PANSS-EC score of 97 patients were taken randomly as many as 39 patients. Based on the result of one way anova test, the value of significance was 0.021 (p >0.05), linearity F value (0.03), F value counted > F table (2.584 >1.81), which means there was a significant influence between antipsychotics selection with decrease of the PANSS-EC score. The result of Eta association showed that the effect of antipsychotics selection to decrease patient’s PANSS-EC score was 73.80%. Based on the result of post hoc anova test, clozapine monotherapy was the most significant antipsychotic therapy with a significance level of 0.05 (mean difference) compared to monotherapy or combination antipsychotics. 73.80% of antipsychotics selection influenced the decrease of patient’s PANSS-EC score, and clozapine was the most siginficant antipsychotic therapy compared to monotherapy or other combination antipsychotics.
Keywords: Antipsychotic, clozapine, PANSS-EC, schizophrenia
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2018.7.1.19
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