Hubungan antara Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Tindakan Gaya Hidup Sehat dengan Risiko Penyakit Kardiovaskular pada Orang Dewasa di Pedesaan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Abstract
Sindrom metabolik (SM) merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular (PKV). Gaya hidup tidak sehat cenderung meningkatkan kejadian SM dan PKV. Masyarakat pedesaan mempunyai akses sumber informasi tentang gaya hidup sehat yang relatif terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan (PST) terkait gaya hidup sehat dengan risiko PKV di kalangan masyarakat pedesaan di D.I. Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian direkrut secara non-random purposive di dua dusun yaitu Tanjung dan Dlingseng, Desa Banjaroyo, Kecamatan Kalibawang, Kabupaten Kulonprogo, D.I. Yogyakarta. Kriteria inklusi responden yaitu penduduk dewasa sehat berusia 30–75 tahun. Kriteria eksklusi yaitu wanita hamil dan responden yang datanya tidak lengkap. Data dikumpulkan pada Bulan Mei–Juni 2018. Data pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan terkait gaya hidup sehat (PST) dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner. Data faktor risiko PKV yaitu indeks massa tubuh (IMT), lingkar pinggang (LP), tekanan darah (TD), kadar gula darah puasa (GDP), dan kolesterol total (Chol) diperoleh melalui pengukuran. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif korelatif dengan Spearman correlation. Sebanyak 124 data responden dianalisis. Sebanyak 56,5% responden mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan tinggi, 66,1% sikap positif, dan 67,7% melakukan tindakan hidup sehat. Sebanyak 55,6% IMT responden termasuk obes general; 65% ukuran LP wanita dan 25% LP pria termasuk obes sentral; median TD sistol di atas normal dan diastol normal; median GDP dan kolesterol normal. Hasil yang diharapkan adalah PST dan faktor risiko PKV berkorelasi negatif. Namun, hasil analisis menunjukkan beberapa faktor risiko PKV berkorelasi positif dengan PST. Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh faktor social desirability bias, the phenomenon of intention not translated into action, dan recall bias pada pengukuran pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan.
Kata kunci: Gaya hidup sehat, kardiovaskular, pedesaan, pengetahuan, sikap, tindakan
Association between Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Lifestyle to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Adults in Rural Area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is one of risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Unhealthy lifestyle tends to elevate the risk of MS. People in rural area might not have adequate access to information on healthy lifestyle. Hence, this study aimed to explore association between knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) on healthy lifestyle and cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors among rural adults in Yogyakarta Province. This is an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. Samples were recruited purposively in two sub-villages, i.e.: Tanjung and Dlingseng in Banjaroyo, Kalibawang, Kulonprogo. Inclusion criteria were healthy adult people in between 30 to 75 years old. Those who were pregnant and those who did not complete the data were excluded. Data collection was conducted during May to June 2018. Data on KAP were gathered using a questionnaire. Data on CVD risk factors were collected through measurements of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and total cholesterol (Chol). Data were analyzed descriptively using Spearman correlation. Of the 124 respondents, 64.5% were female, 56.5% have high level of knowledge, 66.1% have positive attitude, and 67.7% have healthier lifestyle practices. The profiles of CVD risk factors are as follows: 55.6% are general obese; 65% of female’s WC and 25% of male’s WC are central obese; median systole is high, but diastole is normal; median FBG and Chol are normal. In this study, some of the risk factors have positive correlation with KAP. This might be caused by social desirability bias, the phenomenon of intention not translated into action, and recall bias in the KAP measurements.
Keywords: Attitude, CVD risk factors, healthy lifestyle, knowledge, practice, rural
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2019.8.1.1
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