Pengetahuan dan Profil Gaya Hidup Sehat pada Orang Dewasa di Pedesaan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Aris Widayati, Fenty Fenty, Yunita Linawati, Putu Dyana Christasani

Abstract


Kejadian sindrom metabolik (SM) dan penyakit kardiovaskular (PKV) dipengaruhi oleh gaya hidup sehat sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi profil gaya hidup sehat dan pengetahuan tentang hidup sehat dengan pemberian intervensi edukasi di kalangan masyarakat pedesaan di D.I. Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental semu dengan desain potong lintang. Variabel yang diteliti adalah profil gaya hidup sehat dan pengetahuan tentang gaya hidup sehat sebelum dan setelah edukasi tentang gaya hidup sehat. Sampel penelitian dipilih secara non-random purposive dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu penduduk dewasa sehat, di dua dusun yaitu Tanjung dan Dlingseng, Desa Banjaroyo, Kecamatan Kalibawang, Kabupaten Kulonprogo, D.I. Yogyakarta. Data dikumpulkan pada bulan Juli–Agustus 2019 dengan kuesioner yang telah diujicoba, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan komparatif. Sebanyak 108 responden berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Sebagian besar responden merupakan perempuan (63,9%), median usia 54 tahun (rentang: 27–76 tahun), dan memiliki tingkat pendidikan tergolong rendah (82,4%). Profil gaya hidup sehat secara umum baik, yaitu lebih dari 50% responden tidak merokok, aktif secara fisik, tidak minum alkohol, menu harian rendah glukosa, rendah kolesterol, dan tinggi serat sayur dan buah. Sebanyak 64,1% responden mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan tentang gaya hidup sehat pada kategori tinggi. Namun, variabel tingkat pengetahuan tidak berasosiasi dengan semua variabel profil gaya hidup sehat, kecuali variabel aktivitas fisik. Edukasi mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan secara signifikan dengan rata-rata skor sebelum edukasi 7,0, setelah edukasi 8,0, dan satu bulan setelah edukasi 9,0 (p=0,000). Edukasi penting dilakukan untuk menjamin keberlanjutan gaya hidup sehat tersebut.

Kata kunci: Gaya hidup sehat, intervensi edukasi, kardiovaskular, pedesaan, pengetahuan

 

Knowledge and Profiles of Healthy Lifestyle among Adults in Rural Area of Yogyakarta Province Indonesia

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are influenced by healthy lifestyle. The purpose of this study is to explore healthy lifestyle profiles and knowledge amongst the rural inhabitants of D.I. Yogyakarta, through education intervention. This is a quasi-experimental research with cross-sectional design, and the observed variables include healthy lifestyle and knowledge before and after the intervention. In addition, samples were selected by non-random purposive technique, and the inclusion criteria were adults living in the predetermined villages of Tanjung and Dlingseng, Banjaroyo, Kalibawang, Kulonprogo, D.I. Yoyakarta. The data were collected from July to August 2019 using a pre-tested questionnaire, prior to analysis with descriptive and comparative statistics. A total of 108 respondents participated in this study, comprising majorly females (63.9%), with a median age of 54 years (range: 27–76 years old), while 82.4% were in the lower education level. The results show a generally good healthy lifestyle profiles, as over 50% of respondents had no history of smoking and alcohol consumption. Also, most participants had a good level of physical activity, low glucose and cholesterol, alongside a high consumption of fiber foods from fruits and vegetables. In addition, about 64.1% of respondents had substantial related knowledge, despite the absence of any significant associations with all variables, except physical activity. The levels of knowledge significantly differed between before and after education intervention, evidenced by mean scores of 7.0 and 8.0, respectively. Furthermore, 9.0 was recorded at one month after (p=0.000), thus intervention was considered important, especially to maintain healthy habits.

Keywords: Education, healthy life style, knowledge, rural


Keywords


Gaya hidup sehat, intervensi edukasi, kardiovaskular, pedesaan, pengetahuan

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.2.118

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