A Comparison of Potentially Inappropriate Medications Identification Using Beers and STOPP Criteria in Hospitalized Geriatric Patients in Jakarta
Abstract
Adverse Drug Events (ADE) are closely related to Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs) among the elderly, and can cause an increase in morbidity, mortality, and medical cost. The tools often used to assess PIMs include Beers and Screening Tool of Older Persons’ Prescriptions (STOPP) Criteria. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the PIMs identification using Beers 2019 and STOPP version 2 2016 Criteria. A descriptive-analytical method was used, and data were collected retrospectively from the medical records of 340 patients at Pondok Kopi Islamic Hospital period in 2018. The results showed that among 324 patients who met the inclusion criteria with Beers 2019, PIMs were present in 136 (41.85%), with 181 cases. Most of them were on criteria 3, namely 46 (25.41%) and 33 (18.23%) cases of furosemide and spironolactone, respectively. Meanwhile, out of 308 patients who met the inclusion criteria with STOPP, PIMs were found in 14 (4.55%) with a total of 18 cases. The use of aspirin or clopidogrel was observed in 7 people (38.89%) with uncontrolled severe hypertension, while NSAID usage was found in 3 uncontrolled severe hypertension patients (16.67%). Furthermore, there were 3 cases of aldosterone antagonist or ARB usage, which was combined with other drugs that can increase potassium without proper monitoring of the serum level (16.67%). In Pondok Kopi Islamic Hospital, Beers 2019 criteria can describe PIMs data better than the STOPP version 2 2016 due to data availability. Clinician and pharmacist collaboration is also needed in formulating the critical supporting data.
Keywords: Beers 2019, geriatrics, PIMs, STOPP version 2 2016 criteria
Perbandingan Identifikasi Obat yang Berpotensi Tidak Tepat Menggunakan Kriteria Beers dan Kriteria STOPP pada Pasien Geriatri Rawat Inap di Jakarta
Abstrak
Reaksi Obat yang Tidak Dikehendaki (ROTD) berkaitan erat dengan Obat yang Berpotensi Tidak Tepat (PIMs) pada lanjut usia dan selanjutnya menyebabkan peningkatan morbiditas, mortalitas, dan biaya pengobatan. Instrumen yang sering digunakan untuk menilai PIMs pada pasien lanjut usia adalah kriteria Beers dan STOPP. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan identifikasi PIMs menggunakan kriteria Beers 2019 dan kriteria STOPP versi 2 2016 pada pasien geriatri rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Islam (RSI) Pondok Kopi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis. Data dikumpulkan secara retrospektif berdasarkan rekam medis RSI Pondok Kopi periode tahun 2018. Populasi data adalah 340 pasien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 324 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan kriteria Beers 2019, PIMs ditemukan pada 136 pasien (41,85%), dengan 181 kasus. Sebagian besar PIMs yang ditemukan berada pada kriteria 3, yaitu menggunakan furosemid sebanyak 46 kasus (25,41%) dan diikuti dengan penggunaan spironolakton sebanyak 33 kasus (18,23%). Sedangkan dari 308 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan kriteria STOPP versi 2 2016, PIMs ditemukan pada 14 pasien (4,55%), sebanyak 18 kasus. PIMs yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah penggunaan aspirin atau clopidogrel dalam 7 kasus (38,89%) pada pasien dengan hipertensi berat yang tidak terkontrol diikuti oleh penggunaan NSAID pada pasien hipertensi berat yang tidak terkontrol pada 3 kasus (16,67%) dan antagonis aldosteron atau penggunaan ARB bila dikombinasikan dengan obat yang dapat meningkatkan kalium tanpa pemantauan kadar kalium serum pada 3 kasus (16,67%). Di RSI Pondok Kopi, kriteria Beers 2019 menggambarkan data PIMs lebih baik dibandingkan kriteria STOPP versi 2 2016 mempertimbangkan ketersediaan data. Kolaborasi klinisi dan apoteker diperlukan dalam merumuskan data pendukung yang diperlukan dalam menilai PIMs.
Kata kunci: Beers 2019, geriatri, PIMs, kriteria STOPP versi 2 2016
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
World Health Organization. Ageing and Health. 2018;(February 2018):1–4.
Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Profil kesehatan Indonesia 2018 (Indonesia health profile 2018), 2019 [Accessed on: April 1st 2020]. Available from: http://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/pusdatin/profil-kesehatan-indonesia/Data-dan-Informasi_Profil-Kesehatan-Indonesia-2018.pdf
Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 79 Tahun 2014 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Geriatri di Rumah Sakit. [Accessed on: April 1st 2020]. Available from: http://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/laporan/kinerja/kinerja-kemenkes-2009-2011.pdf
Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Situasi lansia di Indonesia tahun 2017. 2017.
Maher RL, Hanlon JT, Hajjar ER. Clinical consequences of polypharmacy in elderly. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014;13(1):1–11. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2013.827660
Dagli RJ, Sharma A. Polypharmacy: A global risk factor for elderly people. J Int oral Heal. 2014;6(6):i–ii.
Rumore MM, Vaidean G. Development of a risk assessment tool for falls prevention in hospital inpatients based on the medication appropriateness index (mai) and modified Beer’s criteria. Inov Pharm. 2012;3(1):1–12. doi: 10.24926/iip.v3i1.256
Perpétuo C, Plácido AI, Rodrigues D, Aperta J, Piñeiro-Lamas M, Figueiras A, et al. Prescription of potentially inappropriate medication in older inpatients of an internal medicine ward: concordance and overlap among the EU(7)-PIM list and Beers and STOPP criteria. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12(July):676020. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.676020
O’Mahony D, Gallagher P, Ryan C, Byrne S, Hamilton H, Barry P, et al. STOPP & START criteria: A new approach to detecting potentially inappropriate prescribing in old age. Eur Geriatr Med. 2010;1(1):45–51. doi: 10.1016/j.eurger.2010.01.007
Rosa ASKC da, Costa BP, Kapper CP, Dalmas GGS, Sbroglio LL, Andreis L, et al. Identification of inappropiate prescribing in a geriatric outpatient clinic using the criteria STOPP START. Rev Bras Geriatr e Gerontol. 2016;19(5):871–9. doi: 10.1590/1809-98232016019.150220
Curtin D, Gallagher PF, O’Mahony D. Explicit criteria as clinical tools to minimize inappropriate medication use and its consequences. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2019;10:2042098619829431. doi: 10.1177/2042098619829431
Khamis S, Abdi AM, Uzan A, Basgu B. Applying Beers criteria for elderly patients to assess rational drug cyprus, use at a university hospital in Northern. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2019;11(2):133–41. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_208_18
Alhawassi TM, Alatawi W, Alwhaibi M. Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications use among older adults and risk factors using the 2015 American Geriatrics Society Beers criteria. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s12877-019-1168-1
Muhte G, Yayla E, Bilge UL, Binen E, Keskin A. The Use of START / STOPP Criteria for elderly patients in primary care. Sci World J. 2013;2013:165873. doi: 10.1155/2013/165873
Fahrni ML, Azmy MT, Usir E, Aziz NA, Hassan Y. Inappropriate prescribing defined by STOPP and START criteria and its association with adverse drug events among hospitalized older patients: A multicentre, prospective study. PLoS One. 2019;14(7):e0219898. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219898
Mulyani E, Darmawan E, Mustofa M. Hubungan jumlah obat yang diresepkan dengan potensial penggunaan obat yang tidak tepat pada pasien CKD di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Pharmaciana. 2015;5(2):153–60. doi: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v5i2.2063
Syuaib ANM, Dermawan E, Mustofa. Penggunaan Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs) pada pasien geriatri rawat inap osteoarthritis di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Pharmaciana. 2015;5:77–84.
Rusdi NK, Komariah DI, Wulandari N, Roosheroe AG. Identification of potentially inappropriate prescribing in outpatient geriatric using STOPP/START criteria at X Hospital Jakarta. The 1st Muhammadiyah International Conference on Health and Pharmaceutical Development; 2018 August 10–11; Jakarta, Indonesia. Indonesia: Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA; 2018.
Adioetomo SM, Mujahid G, Posselt H. Indonesia on the threshold of population ageing. UNFPA Indonesia Monograph Series No. 1, 2014. [Accessed on: April 3rd 2020]. Available from: https://indonesia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/BUKU_Monograph_No1_Ageing_03_Low-res.pdf
Ahmed B, Nanji K, Mujeeb R, Patel MJ. Effects of polypharmacy on adverse drug reactions among geriatric outpatients at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi: A prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e112133. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112133
Najjar MF, Aziz NA, Hassan Y, Ghozali R, AlRazzaq HAA, Ali Z. Predictors of polypharmacy and adverse drug reactions among geriatric in patients at Malaysian hospital. Healthmed. 2010;4(2):273–83.
Shah BM, Hajjar ER. Polypharmacy, adverse drug reactions, and geriatric syndromes. Clin Geriatr Med. 2012;28(2):173–86. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2012.01.002
Chumney EC, Robinson LC. The effects of pharmacist interventions on patients with polypharmacy. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2006;4(3):103–9.
Viviandhari D, Wulandari N, Rusdi NK, Rahmi N, Hildayana N, Faniroh NSS. Assessing potentially inappropriate medications in hospitalized geriatric patients in 2 hospital in Jakarta using STOPP START criteria. J Manag Pharm Pract. 2020;10(1):26–34. doi: 10.22146/jmpf.48944
Linjakumpu T, Hartikainen S, Klaukka T, Veijola J, Kivelä S-L, Isoaho R. Use of medications and polypharmacy are increasing among the elderly. J Clin Epidemiol. 2002;55(8):809–17. doi: 10.1016/S0895-4356(02)00411-0
Tefera YG, Alemayehu M, Mekonnen GB. Prevalence and determinants of polypharmacy in cardiovascular patients attending outpatient clinic in Ethiopia University Hospital. PLoS One. 2020;15(6):1–16. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234000
Abolbashari M, Macaulay ET, Whayne FT, Mukherjee D, Saha S. Polypharmacy in cardiovascular medicine: Problems and promises! Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2017;15(1):31–9. doi: 10.2174/1871525715666170529093442
Peron EP, Ogbonna KC, Donohoe KL. Diabetic medications and polypharmacy. Clin Geriatr Med. 2015;31(1):17–27. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2014.08.017
Dobrică EC, Găman MA, Cozma MA, Bratu OG, Stoian AP, Diaconu CC. Polypharmacy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Insights from an internal medicine department. Med. 2019;55(8):436. doi: 10.3390/medicina55080436
Mathur A, Shah PC. Potentially inappropriate prescribing in elderly: A comparison of Beers and STOPP criteria in tertiary care. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol. 2019;8(1):95–9. doi: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20185164
Oliveira MG, Amorim WW, De Jesus SR, Heine JM, Coqueiro HL, Passos LCS. A comparison of the Beers and STOPP criteria for identifying the use of potentially inappropriate medications among elderly patients in primary care. J Eval Clin Pract. 2015;21(2):320–5. doi: 10.1111/jep.12319
Ma Z, Zhang C, Cui X, Liu L. Comparison of three criteria for potentially inappropriate medications in chinese older adults. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;14:65–72. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S19098
Huang CH, Umegaki H, Watanabe Y, Kamitani H, Asai A, Kanda S, et al. Potentially inappropriate medications according to STOPP-J criteria and risks of hospitalization and mortality in elderly patients receiving home-based medical services. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211947. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211947
Lim Y, Kim H, Choi J, Lee JS, Ahn A, Oh E, et al. Potentially inappropriate medications by Beers criteria in older outpatients: Prevalence and risk factors. Korean J Fam Med. 2016;37(6):329–33. doi: 10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.6.329
Fick DM, Semla TP, Steinman M, Beizer J, Brandt N, Dombrowski R, et al. American Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers Criteria® for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(4):674–94. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15767
Mangoni AA, Jackson SHD. Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: Basic principles and practical applications. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004;57(1):6–14. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.02007.x
Ruscin JM, Linnebur SA. Pharmacokinetics in older adults, 2021 [Accessed on: April 1st 2022]. Available from: https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-au/professional/geriatrics/drug-therapy-in-older-adults/pharmacokinetics-in-older-adults
Tannenbaum C. Inappropriate benzodiazepine use in elderly patients and its reduction. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2015;40(3):E27–8. doi: 10.1503/jpn.140355
Supadmi W, Hakim L. Kaitan penggunaan obat analgetik dan anti inflamasi non steroid di RSU PKU Muhammadyah Yogyakarta. J Ilm Farm. 2012;9(2):1–9. doi: 10.20885/jif.vol9.iss2.art2
Zhang X, Zhou S, Pan K, Li X, Zhao X, Zhou Y, et al. Potentially inappropriate medications in hospitalized older patients: A cross-sectional study using the Beers 2015 criteria versus the 2012 criteria. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:1697–703. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S146009
Filippatos TD, Makri A, Elisaf MS, Liamis G. Hyponatremia in the elderly: Challenges and solutions. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:1957–65. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S138535
Pahwa R, Sharma S, Kumar V, Kohli K. Ranitidine hydrochloride: An update on analytical, clinical and pharmacological aspects. J Chem Pharm Res. 2016;8(7):70–8.
Rosa R De, Piscione F, Galasso G, Servi S De, Savonitto S. Antiplatelet therapy in very elderly and comorbid patients with acute coronary syndromes. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2019;16:103–13. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.02.006
Arahata M, Asakura H. Antithrombotic therapies for elderly patients: Handling problems originating from their comorbidities. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:1675–90. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S174896
Boehringer Ingelheim Limited. Actilyse 10 mg powder and solvent for solution for injection and infusion - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc). EMC Guidel, 2019 [Accessed on: May 30th 2022]. Available from: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/10361/smpc
Zahra AP, Carolia N. Obat anti-inflamasi non-steroid (OAINS): Gastroprotektif vs kardiotoksik. Majority. 2017;6(3):153–8.
Wongrakpanich S, Wongrakpanich A, Melhado K, Rangaswami J. A comprehensive review of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in the elderly. Aging Dis. 2018;9(1):143–50. doi: 10.14336/AD.2017.0306
Turgutalp K, Bardak S, Helvacı I, İşgüzar G, Payas E, Demir S, et al. Community-acquired hyperkalemia in elderly patients: Risk factors and clinical outcomes. Ren Fail. 2016;38(9):1405–12. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2016.1216714
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2022.11.2.105
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy is indexed by