Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Praktik Tenaga Kesehatan terhadap Penyakit Tuberkulosis: Sebuah Review
Abstract
Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi yang menempati urutan ke-10 penyebab kematian tertinggi di dunia. Pada tahun 2018, diperkirakan 1,3 juta orang meninggal akibat penyakit TB. Tenaga kesehatan merupakan salah satu pekerjaan yang memiliki risiko besar terkena TB. Artikel ini menilai pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik (KAP) tenaga kesehatan terhadap TB. Studi observasional dicari di database elektronik PubMed pada April 2020. Tujuh belas studi diidentifikasi dari 100 studi yang ditemukan, dengan waktu publikasi lima tahun terakhir. Studi dilakukan di seluruh dunia termasuk di negara Asia, Afrika, Eropa dan Amerika. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa tenaga kesehatan dalam 9 dari 16 penelitian memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang buruk, memiliki sikap negatif dalam 6 dari 13 penelitian, dan praktik yang buruk dalam 6 dari 11 penelitian. Hasil tersebut secara keseluruhan dinilai masih kurang baik dan terdapat beberapa kesenjangan dalam pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi TB. Pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik tenaga kesehatan dapat ditingkatkan dengan peningkatan pengetahuan dan pelatihan pengendalian infeksi TB.
Kata kunci: Infeksi, pengetahuan, praktik, sikap, tenaga kesehatan, tuberkulosis
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Healthcare Professional towards Tuberculosis: A Review
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease and one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. In 2018, it was estimated that 1.3 million people would die from TB. However, healthcare worker is a profession with high risk of TB infection. Therefore, this review aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of healthcare professionals towards TB. This observational studies were sought from PubMed database in April 2020. Then, seventeen studies were identified from 100 published articles in the last five years. This review involved the studies all over the world including Asian, African, European, and American. Nine of the 16 studies showed that healthcare professionals had poor levels of knowledge, while in 6 of 13 they had negative attitudes, and in 6 of 11 they had poor practice. Also, it was observed that knowledge, attitudes, and practice of the healthcare professional are still poor towards TB, and there were some differences between its infection, prevention and control. Therefore, these features (KAP) need improvement through critical training on tuberculosis.
Keywords: Attitudes, healthcare professional, infection, knowledge, practice, tuberculosis
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.3.255
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