Pemantauan Kadar Obat Antiepilepsi secara Farmakokinetika Terhadap Clinical Outcome pada Pasien Pediatrik
Abstract
Tingginya prevalensi penggunaan obat antiepilepsi pada pediatrik akan meningkatkan risiko timbulnya efek samping dan efek toksik, sehingga perlu adanya pemantauan kadar obat. Pemantauan kadar obat dapat dilakukan secara farmakokinetika dengan menghitung kadar obat dalam darah berdasarkan dosis dan frekuensi terapi yang diberikan pada responden. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar obat antiepilepsi secara farmakokinetika dan mengetahui hubungan kadar obat terhadap clinical outcome. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan deskriptif observasional. Pengumpulan data responden dilakukan di Komunitas Epilepsi Indonesia selama bulan Juni–Juli 2020 secara daring dan wawancara melalui telepon. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 11 responden yang menggunakan fenitoin, hanya 1 responden (9,09%) berada di dalam rentang terapi (10–20 mg/L) dan 10 responden (90,91%) di luar rentang terapi (<10 mg/L); dari 15 reponden yang menggunakan fenobarbital, 9 responden (57,14%) berada di dalam rentang terapi (15–40 mg/L) dan 6 responden (42,86%) di luar rentang terapi (<15 mg/L dan >40 mg/L); dari 23 responden yang menggunakan asam valproat secara monoterapi, 7 responden (30,44%) berada di dalam rentang terapi (50–100 mg/L) dan 16 responden (69,56%) di luar rentang terapi (<50 mg/L dan >100 mg/L), dan dari 24 responden yang menggunakan asam valproat secara politerapi, 18 responden (75%) berada di dalam rentang terapi (50–100 mg/L) dan 6 responden (25%) di luar rentang terapi (<50 mg/L dan >100 mg/L). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (p>0,05) antara kadar obat dengan clinical outcome yang diperoleh pada responden yang menggunakan terapi asam valproat baik monoterapi maupun politerapi. Simpulan pada penelitian ini adalah dari responden yang menggunakan obat antiepilepsi, sebanyak 38 responden (52,05%) dari antaranya memiliki kadar tidak sesuai kisaran terapi dan 35 responden (47,95%) dari antaranya memiliki kadar obat sesuai kisaran terapi. Perlu dilakukan pemantauan kadar obat antiepilepsi secara langsung terhadap responden yang memiliki kadar obat tidak sesuai kisaran terapi untuk menghindari efek toksik dan meningkatkan clinical outcome yang diinginkan.
Kata kunci: Antiepilepsi, clinical outcome, pemantauan kadar obat
Effects of Antiepileptic Drug Levels on Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Patients Using Pharmacokinetics Approach
Abstract
The high prevalence of antiepileptic drug use in pediatrics increases the risk of side and toxic effects; therefore, it is necessary to monitor drug levels. Therapeutic drug monitoring is conducted through pharmacokinetics by calculating blood drug levels based on respondents' dose and frequency of therapy. This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drug levels and the correlation with clinical outcomes using descriptive observational design. Furthermore, the Indonesian Epilepsy Community collected respondents' data from June to July 2020 through online and telephone interviews. Out of the 11 respondents that recieved phenytoin, only 1 (9.09%) was in the therapeutic range (10–20 mg/L), while 10 (90.91%) were outside the therapeutic range (<10mg/L). From the 14 respondents that received phenobarbital, 8 (57.14%) were in the therapeutic range (15–40 mg/L), and 6 (42.86%) were outside the therapeutic range (<15 mg/L and >40 mg/L). From the 47 respondents that received valproic acid, 23 were administered through monotherapy, 7 (30.44%) were in the therapeutic range (50–100 mg/L), and 16 (69.56%) were outside the therapeutic range (<50 mg/L and >100mg/L). Out of the 24 respondents that received valproic acid as monotherapy, 18 (75%) were in the therapeutic range (50–100 mg/L), and 6 (25%) were outside the therapeutic range (<50 mg/L and >100mg/L). The results showed that there was no significant relationship (p>0.05) between drug levels and clinical outcome in respondents treated with either monotherapy or polytherapy of valproic acid. In conclusion, a total of 38 respondents (52.05%) had drugs levels outside the therapeutic range, while 35 (47.95%) had drug levels in the therapeutic range. Furthermore, respondents with drug levels outside the therapeutic range require direct monitoring of antiepileptic drug levels to avoid toxic effects and improve clinical outcomes.
Keywords: Antiepileptic, drug levels monitoring, clinical outcome
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2021.10.4.272
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