Isolat Senyawa dari Spons Laut: Sitotoksisitas terhadap Lini Sel Kanker dan Mekanisme Kematian Sel
Abstract
Peningkatan angka kematian akibat kanker menyebabkan berkembangnya penelitian mengenai obat antikanker, terutama penelitian terhadap senyawa penuntun (lead compound) yang diisolasi dari bahan alam. Struktur yang unik disertai dengan kombinasi baru kelompok fungsional dan aktivitas biologis spesifik menyebabkan metabolit yang diisolasi dari spons laut menarik untuk diteliti potensinya sebagai antikanker. Dari berbagai senyawa yang telah diisolasi dari spons laut, diketahui dua diantaranya telah disetujui sebagai obat anti-kanker. Artikel ini membahas keterlibatan berbagai senyawa yang diisolasi dari spons laut terhadap mekanisme kematian sel dan potensinya untuk dikembangkan sebagai antikanker. Sebanyak 14 senyawa, yaitu gukulenin A, aaptamin, halikondramida, skalaradial, kakospongionolida, monanchocidin A, monanchocidin B, monanchoxymycalin C, N6-isopentenyladenosine, (Z)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-imidazolidine-2,4-dione, stellettin B, sipholenol A, sipholenol L, dan heteronemin, dibahas pada artikel ini serta potensinya sitotoksistasnya terhadap berbagai lini sel kanker dan mekanisme spesifiknya. Pencarian data ilmiah yang digunakan pada artikel review ini dilakukan dengan kata kunci “cancer cell line,” “cytotoxicity,” “marine sponges,” serta “anticancer mechanism,” dan berhasil didapatkan 13 artikel hasil penelusuran secara spesifik menunjukkan potensi sitotoksistas terhadap lini sel kanker senyawa yang diisolasi dari spons laut. Studi in vitro ini menunjukkan bahwa senyawa-senyawa yang dibahas pada review ini memiliki potensi untuk memicu kematian sel melalui berbagai mekanisme, yaitu induksi protein proapoptosis, penghambatan protein antiapoptosis, penghentian siklus sel, inhibisi NF-kB, penekanan metastasis, serta berbagai mekanisme lainnya. Artikel review ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan penelitian lanjutan mengenai potensi sitotoksisitas senyawa yang diisolasi dari spons laut dan pengembangannya sebagai senyawa penuntun antikanker melalui eksplorasi mekanisme spesifik dan modifikasi struktur turunannya.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2023.12.2.60970
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