Dimensi vertikal oklusal, posisi kondilus mandibula terhadap fossa glenoidalis, dan kurva Spee sebelum dan sesudah insersi gigi tiruan lengkapOcclusal vertical dimension, mandibular condyle position on glenoid fossa and curve of Spee before and after insertion of complete denture

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Konstruksi Gigi Tiruan Lengkap (GTL) perlu memperhatikan hubungan dalam arah vertikal (dimensi vertikal) dan horizontal (relasi sentrik). Posisi kondilus pada fossa glenoidalis merupakan salah satu parameter untuk menentukan relasi sentrik. Kurva Spee pada penyusunan gigi tiruan juga penting untuk diperhatikan, karena akan menentukan kontak gigi posterior. Metode Niswonger banyak digunakan karena metodenya sesuai dengan karakteristik fisik keturunan asli Indonesia. Parameter objektif melalui radiografi sefalometri diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi secara lebih akurat. Kesalahan pada proses pembuatan GTL dapat membuat adanya perubahan pada Dimensi Vertikal Oklusal (DVO), posisi kondilus terhadap fossa glenoidalis, dan kurva Spee dalam proses pembuatan GTL. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membandingkan DVO, posisi kondilus terhadap fossa glenoidalis, dan kurva Spee sebelum dan sesudah insersi GTL. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode observasional analitik dan rancangan penelitian studi cross sectional. Hasil: Hasil uji dependent t-test menunjukkan adanya perubahan dalam bentuk penurunan yang signifikan pada DVO (p<0,05), serta adanya perubahan rata-rata posisi kondilus terhadap fossa glenoidalis dan kurva Spee antara sebelum dan sesudah insersi gigi tiruan lengkap. Simpulan: Terdapat perubahan DVO, posisi kondilus terhadap fossa glenoidalis, serta kurva Spee sebelum dan sesudah insersi gigi tiruan lengkap.

Kata kunci: Dimensi vertikal oklusal, gigi tiruan lengkap, kurva Spee, metode Niswonger, posisi kondilus, fossa glenoidalis.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Complete denture fabrication needs to pay attention to the relationship in the vertical direction (vertical dimension) and horizontal (centric relation). The position of the condyle in the glenoid fossa is one of the parameters for determining centric relations. The curve of Spee in the preparation of dentures is also important to note because they will determine the contact of the posterior teeth. Niswonger method is widely used because the method is following the physical characteristics of native Indonesian descendants. Objective parameters through cephalometric radiography are needed to evaluate more accurately. Errors in the process of making complete denture can make changes to the Occlusal Vertical Dimension (OVD), the position of the condyle against the glenoidal fossa, and the Spee curve in the process of making complete denture. The study was aimed to compare OVD, condyle position on glenoid fossa and curve of Spee before and after insertion of complete denture. Methods: The type of this research was quantitative research with observational analytic method and cross-sectional study design. Results: The results of the dependent t-test showed a change in the form of a significant decrease in OVD (p < 0.05), as well as an average change in the position of the condyle against the glenoidal fossa and the curve of Spee between before and after the insertion of complete dentures. Conclusion: There was a change in OVD, condyle position on glenoid fossa and curve of Spee before and after insertion of complete denture.

Keywords: Occlusal vertical dimension, complete denture, the curve of Spee, Niswonger method, condyle position, glenoid fossa.