Profil lesi jaringan lunak rongga mulut anak stunting kategori pendek dan sangat pendekProfile of oral soft tissue lesions in stunted and severely stunted children

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Stunting adalah keadaan kekurangan gizi kronis yang dipresentasikan secara antropometri berdasarkan nilai Z-score tinggi badan kurang dari -2 standar deviasi (SD) WHO Child Growth Standards pada kelompok umur dan jenis kelamin yang sama. Salah satu faktor utama penyebab stunting adalah defisiensi mikronutrien kronis pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan secara spesifik pada vitamin B2, vitamin B6, zinc, dan zat besi Di sisi lain, defisiensi tersebut pun dapat menyebabkan berbagai lesi pada rongga mulut. Anak stunting memiliki risiko lebih tinggi pada lesi, penyakit bahkan kematian terutama pada anak stunting kategori sangat pendek.  Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui profil lesi jaringan lunak rongga mulut pada anak stunting kategori pendek dan sangat pendek. Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa data rekap bulanan status gizi berdasarkan Z-score oleh Puskesmas Jelbuk dan data primer berupa hasil pemeriksaan rongga mulut pada anak stunting. Hasil: Lesi jaringan lunak rongga mulut pada anak stunting kategori pendek adalah; Glositis (41,9%), Angular cheilitis (16,1%), Ulser (9,6%), Recurrent Apthous Stomatitis (6,4%), Oral Candidiasis (3,3%). Anak stunting kategori sangat pendek: Glositis (53,5%), Angular cheilitis (17,8%), Ulser (3,5%), Recurrent Apthous Stomatitis  (7,1%), Oral Candidiasis (3,5%). Simpulan: Lesi jaringan lunak rongga mulut dengan prevalensi terbesar pada kedua kelompok kategori stunting adalah Athropic glossitis. Hal ini perlu mendapat perhatian khusus oleh praktisi kesehatan maupun pemerintah setempat karena kesehatan rongga mulut secara utuh akan memengaruhi asupan nutrisi bagi anak dan sebaliknya.

Kata kunci: stunting; jaringan lunak rongga mulut; anak; lesi

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Stunting is a condition of chronic malnutrition presented anthropometrically based on the Z-score of height less than -2 standard deviations (SD) of the WHO Child Growth Standards in the same age and sex group. One of the main factors of stunting is chronic micronutrient deficiency in the first 1000 days of life, specifically of vitamin B2, vitamin B6, zinc, and iron. On the other hand, these deficiencies can also cause various lesions in the oral cavity. Stunting children have a higher lesion risk, disease, and even death, especially in severely stunted children. This study was aimed to examine the profile of oral soft tissue lesions in stunted and severely stunted children. Methods: The type of research used was descriptive observational research with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. This study uses secondary data in the form of monthly recap data on the nutritional status based on Z-score by Jelbuk Health Center and primary data in oral cavity examination results in stunted children. Results: Oral soft tissue lesions in stunted children were glossitis (41.9%), angular cheilitis (16.1%), ulcer (9.6%), recurrent aphthous stomatitis (6.4%), and oral candidiasis (3.3%). Severely stunted children: Glossitis (53.5%), angular cheilitis (17.8%), ulcer (3.5%), recurrent aphthous stomatitis (7.1%), oral candidiasis (3.5%). Conclusions: The oral soft tissue lesion with the highest prevalence in both groups of stunting children was atrophic glossitis. This condition needs special attention from health practitioners and local governments because oral health will affect nutritional intake for children and vice versa.

Keywords: stunting, oral soft tissue; children; lesion