Gambaran risiko karies anak gangguan spektrum autisme (GSA) di Yayasan Prananda pada masa pandemi COVID-19Description Caries Risk of Children with Autism Disorders (ASD) at Prananda Institution During Pandemic COVID-19

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Anak dengan gangguan spektrum autisme (GSA) termasuk ke dalam kelompok berisiko terjadinya penyakit karies gigi karena kesulitan menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut sendiri. Karies gigi merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh demineralisasi email dan dentin yang erat hubungannya dengan konsumsi makanan yang kariogenik Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan dalam menanggulangi masalah karies yaitu dengan penilaian risiko karies. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui risiko karies anak GSA pada masa pandemi COVID-19 agar dapat melakukan perawatan dan pencegahan dini. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik survei. Sampel sebanyak 16 anak GSA dengan teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara total sampling dan menggunakan kuesioner risiko karies dari The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD). Data diolah dengan distribusi frekuensi dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Penelitian dilakukan pada anak usia 6-12 tahun di Yayasan Prananda Kota Bandung dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil: Terdapat 16 responden pada anak GSA usia 6-12 tahun menunjukkan bahwa risiko karies anak pada masa pandemi COVID-19 yaitu 25 % risiko tinggi, 18,75% risiko sedang, 56,25% risiko rendah. Simpulan: Sebagian besar risiko karies anak GSA usia 6-12 tahun pada masa pandemi COVID-19 berisiko karies rendah.

Kata kunci: penilaian risiko karies; anak; gangguan spektrum autism; usia 6-12 tahun

ABSTRACT 

Introduction: Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at risk for caries because it is difficult to maintain their own oral and dental hygiene. Dental caries is an infectious disease caused by the demineralization of enamel and dentin, which is closely related to the consumption of cariogenic foods. One of the efforts that can be done to overcome the problem of caries is caries risk assessment. This study aimed to determine the risk of caries for ASD children during the COVID-19 pandemic so early treatment and prevention can be carried out. Methods: This research method is descriptive with survey techniques. The sample was 16 children with ASD (Autistic Syndrome Disorder) with a sampling technique or total sampling using the caries risk questionnaire from Permenkes 89 of 2015. The data was processed with frequency distribution and presented in table form. The research was conducted on children aged 6-12 years at the Prananda Institution in Bandung using a questionnaire. Results: The study showed that 16 respondents with ASD children aged 6-12 years showed that the risk of caries in children during the COVID-19 pandemic was 25 % high, 18.75 % moderate, and 56.25 % low. Conclusion: The risk of caries for ASD children aged 6-12 years n during the COVID-19 pandemic has low risk of caries.

Keywords: caries risk assessment; children; autism disorder; aged 6-12 year