Perbedaan panjang palatum lunak, kedalaman nasofaring, dan Need’s ratio pada maloklusi klas I, II, dan III skeletal

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Kasus celah palatum, pembesaran adenoid, Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS), serta maloklusi skeletal kraniofasial sering disertai disfungsi palatum lunak. Penelitian menunjukkan panjang palatum lunak pada laki-laki secara signifikan lebih besar dibanding perempuan, namun tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dari kedalaman nasofaring serta Need’s ratio antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan panjang palatum lunak dan kedalaman nasofaring (Need’s ratio) pada maloklusi klas I, II, dan III skeletal, serta perbandingannya antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik cross sectional dan menggunakan uji hipotesis dengan sampel sefalogram lateral pasien pada usia 16-40 tahun. Subjek maloklusi skeletal diperoleh melalui pengukuran berdasarkan metode Steiner, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran panjang palatum lunak dan kedalaman nasofaring, serta perhitungan nilai Need’s ratio menggunakan aplikasi Corel-Draw X8. Hasil: Tipe palatum lunak yang paling umum ditemukan pada maloklusi klas I, II, dan III skeletal adalah tipe Leaf shaped. Analisis data dengan uji ANOVA menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada panjang palatum lunak (p=0,054), kedalaman nasofaring (p=0,617), dan Need’s ratio (p=0,229) antara maloklusi klas I, II, dan III skeletal. Hasil uji t-independent menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada panjang palatum lunak antara laki-laki dan perempuan (p=0,002), akan tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada kedalaman nasofaring (p=0,179) dan Need’s ratio (p=0,130) antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Simpulan: Panjang palatum lunak, kedalaman nasofaring, dan Need’s ratio tidak berbeda pada maloklusi klas I, II, dan III skeletal, Sedangkan antara laki-laki dan perempuan yang berbeda hanya panjang palatum lunak.Kata Kunci : gigi artifisial akrilik; ekstrak kulit manggis; stabilitas warna.

Kata Kunci : palatum lunak, nasofaring, Need’s ratio, maloklusi

The differences of soft palate length, nasopharyngeal depth, and need’s ratio in class I, II, and III skeletal malocclusion

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Cases of cleft palate, adenoid enlargement, Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS), and craniofacial skeletal malocclusion often accompanied by soft palate dysfunction. Research found the soft palate length in men is significantly higher than women. No significant differences were found in nasopharyngeal depth and Need’s ratio between men and women. The aim of this study is to determine the differences of soft palate length, nasopharyngeal depth, and Need’s ratio in class I, II, and III skeletal malocclusion and its differences between men and women. Method: This research was analytic observational with cross-sectional method using patient’s lateral cephalograms between 16 to 40 years old. The sample in lateral cephalogram were obtained and classified through measurement based on Steiner method. The calculation were determined using Corel-Draw X8 software.  Result: The most common type of soft palate found was leaf shaped type. Data analysis using ANOVA test showed there was no significant differences in the length of soft palate (p=0,054), the depth of nasopharynx (p=0,617), and the Need’s ratio (p=0,229) between class I, II, and III skeletal malocclusion. The result of independent T-test showed there was a significant difference in the length of soft palate between men and women (p=0,002). However, there was no significant difference in nasopharyngeal depth (p=0,179) and Need’s ratio (p=0,130) between men and women. Conclusion: Soft palate length, nasopharyngeal depth, and Need’s ratio had no significant difference in class I, II and III skeletal malocclusion, but there was a significant difference in soft palate length between men and women.

Keywords: soft palate, nasopharynx, Need’s ratio, malocclusion