Ekstrak daun biduri (Calotropis gigantea) sebagai anti inflamasi dalam menurunkan jumlah neutrofil pada model tikus inflamasi: studi eksperimental

Dea Permata, Zahara Meilawaty, Pudji Astuti, Agustin Wulan Suci Dharmayanti, Sari Setyaningsih, Rendra Chriestedy Prasetya

Abstract


Pendahuluan: Inflamasi adalah respons imun terhadap rangsangan berbahaya yang bertujuan untuk menghilangkan kerusakan dan memulai penyembuhan. Proses inflamasi dimulai dengan pelepasan neutrofil yang mengatur dan memperkuat respon inflamasi namun. Obat Anti-Inflamasi Non-Steroid (NSAID), seperti aspirin, sering digunakan sebagai anti inflamasi tetapi memiliki efek samping. Ekstrak daun biduri (Calotropis gigantea)  yang kaya akan flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin, yang memiliki sifat anti-inflamasi dan penyembuhan luka dengan efek samping yang lebih sedikit dapat digunakan sebagai obat alami alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kemampuan ekstrak daun biduri (Calotropis gigantea) dalam menurunkan jumlah neutrofil pada inflamasi akut dan subakut pada model tikus inflamasi. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi eksperimental in vivo menggunakan desain serial group design. Daun biduri diekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Dosis ekstrak daun biduri yang digunakan adalah 100 mg/kg BB, 200 mg/kg BB, dan 300 mg/kg BB. Tikus wistar diinjeksi dengan karagenan 2% pada punggungnya secara subkutan sebagai model inflamasi. Sampel darah diambil pada interval tertentu untuk membuat hapusan darah, selanjutnya dilakukan penghitungan jumlah neutrofil. Analisis menggunakan Two-way Anova yang dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD. Hasil: Ekstrak daun Calotropis gigantea pada dosis 100 mg/Kg BB, 200 mg/Kg BB, dan 300 mg/Kg BB terbukti dapat mengurangi jumlah neutrofil, terutama pada hari ke-3, dengan dosis 300 mg/Kg BB memberikan hasil terbaik (P=0,001). Simpulan: Pemberian ekstrak daun biduri (Calotropis gigantea) dosis 300 mg/Kg BB memberikan hasil terbaik dalam menurunkan jumlah sel neutrofil pada inflamasi akut dan subakut pada model tikus inflamasi.


Calotropis gigantea leaf extract as an anti-inflammatory agent in reducing neutrophil count in an inflammatory rat model: an experimental study

Introduction:
Inflammation is an immune response to harmful stimuli that serves to eliminate tissue damage and initiate healing. The inflammatory process begins with the release of neutrophils, which regulate and amplify the inflammatory response. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, are commonly used to treat inflammation but may cause side effects. Biduri leaf (Calotropis gigantea)extract which is rich in flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, possesses anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties with fewer side effects, making it a potential natural alternative medicine. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of biduri leaf extract (Calotropis gigantea) in reducing the number of neutrophils during acute and subacute inflammation in an experimental rat model. Methods: This study is an in vivo experimental study using a serial group design. Biduri leaves were extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol as the solvent. The biduri leaf extract was administered at doses of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, and 300 mg/kg BW. Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with 2% carrageenan on the dorsal region to induce inflammation. Blood samples were collected at predetermined intervals to prepare blood smears, followed by neutrophil counting. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by the LSD post-hoc test. Results: Calotropis gigantea leaf extract at doses of 100 mg/Kg BW, 200 mg/Kg BW, and 300 mg/Kg BW significantly reduced neutrophil counts, particularly on day 3, with the 300 mg/Kg BW dose showing the most pronounced effect (p=0.001). Conclusion: Administration of biduri leaf (Calotropis gigantea) extract at a dose of 300 mg/Kg BW demonstrated the highest effectiveness in reducing neutrophil count during acute and subacute inflammation in an inflammation rat model.

Keywords


biduri, inflamasi, neutrofil

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v37i2.61210

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