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Literasi media, chilling effect, dan partisipasi politik remaja
Abstract
Peningkatan pengguna Internet di Indonesia menjadi petanda baik bahwa akses masyarakat ke Internet semakin baik. Akan tetapi, peningkatan tersebut juga menimbulkan kekhawatiran terkait kesiapan masyarakat dalam berinteraksi di media sosial. Saat ini, media sosial tidak lagi menjadi ruang publik yang netral karena adannya penyalahgunaan oleh kelompok tertentu dengan menyebarkan berita palsu, propaganda, hate spin, dan lain-lain. Situasi ini diperparah dengan tingkat literasi media masyarakat yang rendah. Pemerintah mengeluarkan Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) guna mengatur kegaduhan di media sosial. Namun, tindakan ini menuai banyak kritikan dari berbagai kalangan. Salah satunya terkait efek samping (berupa chilling effect) dari UU ITE yang dapat mengancam kebebasan berpendapat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh literasi media pada partisipasi politik di media sosial serta mengetahui apakah pengetahuan terkait UU ITE memoderasi pengaruh tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan teknik sampling purposive. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang kemudian dianalis menggunakan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat literasi media yang tinggi terutama pada kategori functional consumption, critical consumption, functional prosumer. Tidak ada perbedaan tingkat literasi media antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Peningkatan keterampilan literasi media tersebut akan diikuti oleh peningkatan partisipasi politik. Akan tetapi, pengetahuan terkait UU ITE tidak berkontribusi pada pengaruh tersebut. Selain itu, penelitian juga menemukan bahwa keterampilan critical consuming dan critical prosumer memiliki hubungan positif yang signifikan dengan partisipasi politik di media sosial.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v9i1.31939
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