Community Involvement Based on Community-Based Tourism Principles in the Development of Area-Based Tourism in Cirebon Regency

Slamet Usman Ismanto; Dian Indira; Meilanny Budiarti Santoso

doi:10.24198/jmpp.v6i2.45278

Community Involvement Based on Community-Based Tourism Principles in the Development of Area-Based Tourism in Cirebon Regency

Slamet Usman Ismanto, Dian Indira, Meilanny Budiarti Santoso

Abstrak

Tourism has a complex activity that includes many aspects, such as social, political, cultural, religious, and economic aspects. Tourism activities also cannot be separated from the existence of local communities as owners of culture, so tourism development efforts must pay attention to the participation of local communities around the Tourism Attraction. This study aims to describe the involvement of residents in the Talun Area of Cirebon Regency in the development of the tourism sector which has experienced a strengthening of commitment and an increase in the intensity of developing the tourism sector since before the Covid-19 pandemic. A descriptive method with a qualitative approach is used in this study. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews, literature studies, and documentation studies. Data validation test was carried out by source triangulation. The results of the study show that: First, in the process of developing the area-based tourism sector in Talun, the source of the initiative still comes from the government, in this case, the the District Head (District Head (Camat)). Second, the characteristics of the Talun community, which are open, are more receptive to the idea of area-based tourism development. Third, community involvement in regional-based tourism development requires three prerequisites, namely leadership in administrative areas that become tourist areas, the growth of tourism culture, and active communities as supporters and drivers of tourism.

Kata Kunci

Local Community; tourism; village; participation; Community-Based Tourism

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi

Aref, F. (2011). Sense of community and participation in tourism development. Life Science Journal, 8(1), 20–25.

Aref, F., Redzuan, M., & Gill, SS (2010). Dimensions of Community Capacity Building: A review of its Implications in Tourism Development. Journal of American Sciences, 6(1), 172–180.

Asker, S., Boronyak, L., Carrard, N., & Paddon, M. (2010). EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM Effective Community-Based Tourism: A Best Practice Manual APEC TOURISM WORKING GROUP AUTHORS. Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Center.

Beeton, S. (2019). Community Development through Tourism. In Community Development through Tourism. Landlinks Press. https://doi.org/10.1071/9780643093881

Boehm, A., & Cnaan, RA (2012). Towards a practice-based model for community practice: Linking theory and practice. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 39(1), 141–168.

Bopp, M., Germann, K., Bopp, J., Littlejohns, LB, & Smith, N. (2000). Assessing Community Capacity for Change. David Thompson Health Region and Four Worlds Center for Development Learning.

Bowen, GL, Mancini, JA, Martin, JA, Ware, WB, & Nelson, JP (2003). Promoting the adaptation of military families: An empirical test of a community practice model. Family Relations, 52(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2003.00033.x

Chang, L., & Jacobson, T. (2010). Measuring participation as communicative action: A case study of citizen involvement in and assessment of a city's smoking cessation policy-making process. Journal of Communication, 60(4), 660–679. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01508.x

Chapman, M., & Kirk, K. (2001). Lessons for Community Capacity Building: A summary of the research evidence. Retrieved 2, October 2007 from http://docs.scie-socialcareonline.org.uk/fulltext/scothomes30.pdf. http://www.scothomes.gov.uk/pdfs/pubs/260.pdf

Chaskin, RR, Brown, P., Venkatesh, S., & Vidal, A. (2017). Building community capacity. Building Community Capacity, 11, 1–268. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315081892

Chavis, DM, & Wandersman, A. (1990). Sense of community in the urban environment: A catalyst for participation and community development. American Journal of Community Psychology, 18(1), 55–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00922689

Cnaan, RA, & Park, S. (2019). The Multifaceted Nature of Civic Participation: A Literature Review. The Multifaceted Nature of Civic Participation, 1(1), 1–73. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004308138_002

Conway, BP, & Hachen, DS (2005). Attachments, grievances, resources, and efficacy: The determinants of tenant association participation among public housing tenants. Journal of Urban Affairs, 27(1), 25–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0735-2166.2005.00223.x

Dalton, RJ (2008). Citizenship norms and the expansion of political participation. Political Studies, 56(1), 76–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00718.x

Davidson, WB, & Cotte, PR (1989). Sense of community and political participation. Journal of Community Psychology, 17(2), 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(198904)17:2<119::AID-JCOP2290170203>3.0.CO;2-C

De Lacy, T., Battig, M., Moore, S., & Noakes, S. (2002). Public/private partnerships for sustainable tourism. In Gold Coast: CRC for Sustainable Tourism. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Apec Tourism Working Group. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=es&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Public%2Fprivate+partnerships+for+sustainable+tourism%3A+delivering+a+sustainability+strategy+for+tourism+destination.+2002&btnG =%0Ahttps://sustain.pata.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/PublicPrivatePart

Goodwin, H., & Santilli, R. (2007). Community-Based Tourism: a success? Community-Based Tourism: a success? Community-Based Tourism: a success? ICRT Occasional Paper, 11(1), 1–37. http://www.andamandiscoveries.com/press/press-harold-goodwin.pdf

Haniza Mohamad, N., & Hamzah, A. (2013). Tourism cooperative for scaling up community‐based tourism. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 5(4), 315–328.

Hutchison, J. (2007). The “disallowed” political participation of Manila's urban poor. Democratization, 14(5), 853–872. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340701635696

Jones, A. (1996). Is there real alternative tourism? Tourism Management, 13(1), 102–103.

Kalkbrenner, BJ, & Roosen, J. (2016). Citizens' willingness to participate in local renewable energy projects: The role of community and trust in Germany. Energy Research and Social Science, 13, 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2015.12.006

Kretzmann, J. (1995). Building communities from the inside out. CHAC Review, 23(2), 4–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63930-3_31

Lukes, S. (2005). Power and the Battle for Hearts and Minds. Millennium, 33(3), 477–493.

Mann, M. (2014). The Community Tourism Guide. In The Community Tourism Guide. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315831039

Martinson, M., & Minkler, M. (2006). Civic engagement and older adults: A critical perspective. In Gerontologist (Vol. 46, Issue 3, pp. 318–324). https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/46.3.318

McMillan, DW, & Chavis, DM (1986). Sense of community: A definition and theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14(1), 6–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(198601)14:1<6::AID-JCOP2290140103>3.0.CO;2-I

Mitchell, J., & Muckosy, P. (2008). A misguided quest: Community-based tourism in Latin America. In ODI, Londres, Reino Unido (Issue May). Overseas Development Institute.

Mitchell, M. (2005). Rural tourism and sustainable business. In DR Hall, I. Kirkpatrick, & M. Mitchell (Eds.), Rural Tourism and Sustainable Business. Channel View Publications. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781845410131

Morris-Jones, D. (2010). The impact of trust (or lack thereof) on citizen involvement. National Civic Review, 99(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/ncr.20007

Nampila, T. (2005). Assessing Community Participation –The Huidare Informal Settlement (Issue December). University of Stellenbosch.

Ohmer, ML (2010). How theory and research inform citizen participation in poor communities: The ecological perspective and theories on self- and collective efficacy and sense of community. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 20(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911350903126999

Palmer, NA, Perkins, DD, & Xu, Q. (2011). Social capital and community participation among migrant workers in China. Journal of Community Psychology, 39(1), 89–105. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20419

Pantin, D., & Francis, J. (2005). Community-based sustainable tourism. UK: UWI-SEDU.

Picard, M. (2006). Bali: cultural tourism and cultural tourism. Gramedia Popular Libraries. http://books.google.com/books?id=uwPuIPTuqNMC&pgis=1

Pitana, IG, & Gayatri, PG (2005). Tourism sociology. Yogyakarta. In STPBI Press (Vol. 1, Issue 1). Publisher Andi.

Rogerson, CM (2007). Reviewing Africa in the global tourism economy. Development Southern Africa, 24(3), 361–379.

Scheyvens, R. (2002). Tourism for Development: Empowering Communities. In Themes in Tourism Series (Vol. 27). Pearson Education Limited.

Schott, C., & Nhem, S. (2018). Paths to the market: analyzing tourism distribution channels for community-based tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 43(3), 356–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2018.1447837

Shelton, C., & Garkovich, L. (2013). Assessing factors influencing political engagement in local communities. Community Development, 44(4), 469–491. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2013.822401

Simpson, MC (2008). Community benefit tourism initiatives—A conceptual oxymoron? Tourism Management, 29(1), 1–18.

Straughn, JB, & Andriot, AL (2011). Education, civic patriotism, and democratic citizenship: Unpacking the effect of education on political involvement. Sociological Forum, 26(3), 556–580. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1573-7861.2011.01262.x

Suansri. (2007). Community-Based Tourism Handbook. Thailand: Rest Project. In Research Journal Bappeda Yogyakarta City (Vol. 2). Responsible Ecological Social Tour-REST Project.

Tolkach, D., & King, B. (2015). Strengthening Community-Based Tourism in a new resource-based island nation: Why and how? Tourism Management, 48(C), 386–398. https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:touman:v:48:y:2015:i:c:p:386-398

Vafadari, K. (2021). A Comparative Study on the Efficiency of Stakeholder Involvement in Community-Based Tourism (CBT) Development. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 04(10). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/v4-i10-02

Vinet, L., & Zhedanov, A. (2011). A “missing” family of classical orthogonal polynomials. In Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Vol. 44, Issue 8). University of Southern California. https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/44/8/085201

Wahidah, I., & Suherman, D. (2022). Penta Helix Collaboration in Increasing Regional Tourism Competitiveness of Bandung City. Journal of Public Service Management, 6(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.24198/jmpp.v6i1.39986

Yulianah, Y. (2021). Developing Human Resources for Community-Based Tourism in Rural Areas. Commitment: Scientific Journal of Management, 2(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.15575/jim.v2i1.12472

Ziersch, A., Osborne, K., & Baum, F. (2011). Local Community Group Participation: Who Participates and What Aspects of Neighborhood Matter? Urban Policy and Research, 29(4), 381–399. https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2011.623295

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jmpp.v6i2.45278