POLA ATTACHMENT DAN KUALITAS HUBUNGAN SOSIAL PADA REMAJA YANG TINGGAL DI PANTI ASUHAN
Abstrak
Gangguan attachment merupakan efek yang paling jelas terlihat pada anak-anak yang dibesarkan di suatu institusi seperti panti asuhan. Attachment anak dengan pengasuh di usia dini merupakan hal yang penting karena dapat terkait dengan kesehatan emosional, self-esteem, rasa percaya diri, dan kemampuan interaksi sosial yang baik kelak pada saat anak menginjak usia remaja. Meskipun telah dilakukan usaha untuk menjadikan panti asuhan sebagai tempat yang dapat menggantikan peran keluarga biologis, tinggal di panti asuhan menghilangkan kesempatan anak untuk mengalami kehidupan keluarga yang penting bagi anak dalam mengembangkan hubungan sosial yang sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pola attachment dan kualitas hubungan sosial berdasarkan Social Relations Model (SRM) pada remaja yang tinggal di panti asuhan. Hasil dari penemuan ini dapat dijadikan landasan untuk penelitian lanjutan yang hendak meneliti hubungan sosial anak di panti asuhan. Metode campuran digunakan untuk memperoleh gambaran yang luas mengenai SRM remaja. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan kuesioner. Remaja yang tinggal di panti asuhan (N=3) diminta mengikuti proses wawancara. Data kuantitatif dijabarkan dalam bentuk tabel, dan data kualitatif dijelaskan menggunakan analisis SRM dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Pada penelitian ini, dua orang responden menunjukkan pola secure attachment dan satu orang dengan pola dismissive attachment. Berdasarkan tipe attachment, terlihat perbedaan pola hubungan sosial. Tipe secure attachment dapat mengekspresikan emosinya dengan mudah dan memandang pengasuh sebagai sosok yang afektif. Tipe dismissive attachment cenderung tidak mudah mengekspresikan emosinya dan tidak memandang pengasuh sebagai sosok yang afektif.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jpsp.v5i2.28251
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