Evaluation of Biomass Production and Sugar Content of Samurai 2 Variety of Sorghum at Different Cutting Ages and Urea Fertilizer Applications

Anwar Efendi Harahap, Arsyadi Ali, Fitri Harianti

Abstract


Sorghum bicolor var Samurai 2  is a well growing variety in dry land. The purpose of this study was to investigate the best total forage biomass production and sugar content in stems as results of different cutting age and urea doses at primary cut and cutting after first and second ratoon. The study used a factorial randomized block design (3 x 3) with 4 replications. The first factor was different age consisting of 80, 85, and  90 days and the second factor was different doses of urea consisting of 200, 300, and 400 kg ha-1. The results showed that there was no significant interaction effect on parameters. At the primary harvest,  both cutting age and nitrogen level showed no significant effect (p >0.05) on chlorophyl (unit), panicle proportion (%), and total forage biomass production (ton/ha-1).  The cutting age of plant affected (p <0.05) tiller number, the proportion of stem and leaf (%). At  second harvest (ratoon 1) there was significant effect of the cutting age (p <0.05) on tiller number, proportion of fresh leaf and total forage biomass production. Furthermore, at third harvest (ratoon 2) the cutting age showed significant effect (p <0.05) on tiller number and leaf proportion. It was found at third harvest (second ratoon) that delaying the cutting age resulted in a significant decrease in total biomass production and an increase in stem brix sugar content (%) compared to first harvest (primary) and second harvest (ratoon 1) in sorghum var Samurai 2

Keywords


biomass, chlorophy, ratoon, sorghum

Full Text:

PDF

References


Almodares, A., Taheri, R., & Eraghizadeh, F. (2011). The effects of ethephon on biomass and carbohydrate content in two sweet sorghum cultivars. Int. J. Plant Prod, 5(3), 221-226. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228818240

Antonopoulou, G., Gavala, H.N., Skiadas, IV., Angelopoulos, K., & Lyberatos G. (2008). Biofuels generation from sweet sorghum: fermentative hydrogen production and anaerobic digestion of the remaining biomass. Bioresour. Technol, 99, 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.048

Barik, S., Roy, P., & Basu, S. (2017). Effect of fertilizer nitrogen & potassium on difference cultivars of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in North-24-Parganas, West Bengal. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Research 12 (2), 199-210. https://www.ripublication.com/ijaar17/ijaarv12n2_09.pdf

Celik, I., Gunal, H., Acar, M., Gok, M., Bereket, B.Z., & Pamiralan, H., (2017) Long-term tillage and residue management effect on soil compaction and nitrate leaching in a Typic Haploxerert soil. Int. J. Plant Prod. 11(1), 131-149. 10.22069/IJPP.2017.3314

Dudato, G.M., Kaunang, C.L., Telleng, M.M., & Sumolang, C.I.J. (2020). Karakter agronomi varietas samurai II fase vegetatif yang ditanam pada jarak tanam berbeda. Zootec. 40(2), 773-780. https://doi.org/10.35792/zot.40.2.2020.30408

Efendi, R., Aqil, M., & Pabendon, M.( 2013). Evaluasi genotipe sorgum manis (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) produksi biomas dan daya ratun tinggi. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan. 32 (2), 116-125. https://ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/jpptp/article/view/2887/2514

Gardner, J.C., Maranville, J.W., & Paparozzi, E.T. (1994). Nitrogen use efficiency among diverse sorghum cultivars. Crop Sc 34:728 733. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183X003400030023x

Harahap, A.E., Abdullah, L., Karti, P.D.M .H., & Despal. ( 2023). Production, proportion biomass and sugar content of samurai sorghum harvested with the system ratoon pattern as feed raw material. Livestock Resarch for Rural Development. 35 (1), http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd35/1/3508hara.html

Hussein, M.M., Ashok, K., & Alva. (2014). Growth, yield and water use effeciency of forage sorghum as affected by N P K fertilizer and deficit irrigation. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 5, 2134-2140. DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2014.513225

Jaynes, D.B., Colvin, T.S., Karlen, D.L., Cambardell, C.A, & Meek, D.W. (2001). Nitrate loss in subsurface drainage as affected by nitrogen fertilizer rate. J. Environ. Qual. 30, 1305 - 1314. 10.2134/jeq2001.3041305x

Lewandowski, I., Kicherer, A., & Vonier, P. (1995). CO2-balance for the cultivation and combustion of miscanthus. Biomass Bioenergy 2:81 90. https://doi.org/10.1016/0961-9534(95)00008-U

Lyons, S.E., Quirine, M., Ketterings, Gregory, S., Godwin, Debbie, J., Cherney, J.H., Cherney, Michael, E., Amburgh, V., Meisinger, J.J., Kilcer, T.F. (2019). Optimal harvest timing for brown midrib forage sorghum yield, nutritive value, and ration performance. J. Dairy Sci. 102, 7134–7149. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-16516

Livingston, S., & Coffman, D. (2003). Ratooning grain sorghum on the Texas Gulf Coast. Texas AgriLife Extension Service. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/147131123.pdf

Malalantang, S.S., Abdullah, L., Karti, PDMH., Permana, I.G., & Nurmahmudi. (2019). Agronomy characteristics of several types of sorghum from radiation mutations as a ruminant animal feed provide. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 399:1-6. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/399/1/012031

Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 2nd Edition, Acadmic Press, London.

Maughan, M., Voigt, T., Parrish, A., Bollero, G., Rooney, W., Lee, D. (2012). Forage and energy sorghum responses to nitrogen fertilization in central and southern Illinois. Agron. 104:1032-1040. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2011.0408

Mekdad, A.A.A., & El-Sherif, A.M.A. (2019). The Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on yield and quality of sweet sorghum varieties under arid regions conditions. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 5(11), 811-823. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.511.092

Pannacci, E., & Bartolini, S. (2018). Effect of nitrogen fertilization on sorghum for biomass production. Agronomy Research. 16(5), 2146-2155. https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.18.182

Pholsen, S., & Sormsungnoen, N. (2005). Effects of nitrogen and potassium rates and planting distances on growth, yield and fodder quality of a forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 7 : 1793-1800. DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2004.1793.1800

Sebetha, E., & Modisapudi, W. (2019). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer source, soil type and season on growth performance of two sorghum cultivars. Asian J. Plant Sci. 18 (4): 175-180. DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2019.175.180

Sihono, Human, S., Indriatama, W.M., Puspitasari, M., Parno, & Carkum. (2014). Release of Sorghum Patir 4 Lines As Superior Varieties With The Name Samurai 2. The Ministry Of Agriculture Of The Republic Of Indonesia. http://karya.brin.go.id/id/eprint/593/

Sharma, P.S. & Kumari, T.S. 1996. Effect of Potassium under water stress on growth and yield of sorghum in vertisol. J. Potash. Res. 12, 319-325. DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2014.513225

Sriagtula, R., Sowmen, S., & Aini, Q. (2019) Growth and productivity of brown midrib sorghum mutant line patir 3.7 (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) treated with different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. Tropical Animal Science Journal 42(3), 209-214. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2019.42.3.209

Tack, L.J & Jagadish, S.K. (2017). Disaggregating Sorghum Yield Reductions Under Warming Scenarios Exposes Narrow Genetic Diversity In Us Breeding Programs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 114: 9296-9301. 10.1073/pnas.1706383114

Tsuchihashi, N., & Goto, Y., (2008). Year-round cultivation of sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] through a combination of seed and ratoon cropping in Indonesia savanna. Plant Prod. Sci 11(3), 377-384. https://doi.org/10.1626/pps.11.377

Uchino, T., Watanabe, K., Ramu, K. L., Sahrawat, S., Marimuthu, S. P., Wani, O., & Ito, (2013). Effects of nitrogen application on sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in the semiarid tropical Zone of India, Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly , 47, 65 – 73. http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/6374

Wahyono, T., Apriliani, W., Muawanah, A., & Sihono. (2017). In sacco evaluation of gamma irradiated samurai 2 sorghum straw. A Scientific Journal for the Applications of Isotopes and Radiation 13(2, 87-93. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jair.2017.13.2.3527

Zegada-Lizarazu, W., & Monti, A. (2012). Are we ready to cultivate sweet sorghum as a bioenergy feedstock? A review on field management practices. Biomass Bioenergy. 40, 1- 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.01.048

Zhao, D., Reddy, K.R, Kakani, V.G,., & Reddy, V.R. (2005). Nitrogen deficiency effects on plant growth, leaf photosynthesis and hyperspectral reflectance properties of sorghum. Eur. J. Agron 22, 391-403. doi:10.1016/j.eja.200Borreani, G., Tabacco, E, Schmidt R. J, Holmes, B. J., & Muck, R. E. (2018). Silage Review: Factors Affecting Dry Matter and Quality Losses in Silages. J. Dairy Sci. 101:3952–3979. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13837




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jit.v26i1.54213

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Anwar Efendi Harahap, Luki Abdullah, Panca Dewi Manu Hara Karti, Despal Despal

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

JURNAL ILMU TERNAK INDEXED BY:

width= width=width=width=width=width=width=